The Complexities of South African Xenophobia on Nigerian Nationals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.7Keywords:
South Africa, Nigeria, Xenophobia, Bilateral Relations, Trade RelationsAbstract
The Nigerian-South African relationship is couched in the paradigm of intricate interdependence. The elements that brought the two African major powers closer include political, cultural, and economic dimensions. Therefore, any dissimilarity of interest between both countries would ruin their relationship and implicate the whole African Union concept that unites Abuja/Pretoria relations. Over 100 South African companies permeate the Nigerian market in several economic sectors and most are successfully operating in Nigeria. Nigerian companies such as First Bank, among others, are also operating in South Africa. As long as South Africa and Nigeria are both dominant powers in their respective sub-regions, a threat like xenophobia needs to be eradicated and coordinate some effective policies for Africa's development. The study employed a qualitative method and library sources, past literature on different xenophobic trends noted in the journal articles, books, and others, on the South African xenophobia and its implications on Nigeria/South African relationship. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory and it found that incessant xenophobic attacks on Nigerian nationals and other foreigners in South Africa are based on prejudices. The study went further with suggestion to provide some panacea to the catastrophe of South African xenophobia.
Metrics
References
Adam, H., & Moodley, K. (2013). Imagined liberation: xenophobia, citizenship, and identity in South Africa, Germany, and Canada (Vol. 4): African Sun MeDIA.
Adebajo, A. (2012). Paradise lost and found: the African Union and the European Union. The EU and Africa: From Eurafrique to Afro-Europa. Hurst & Company. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Africa/030912summary.pdf
Adebajo, A., Adedeji, A., & Landsberg, C. (2007). South Africa in Africa: the post-apartheid era. University of Kwazulu Natal.
Adeogun, T., & Faluyi, O. (2018). Xenophobia, Racism, and the Travails of ‘Black’ Immigrants in South Africa. The political economy of xenophobia in Africa (pp. 125–134). Switzerland: Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64897-2_10
Adjasi, C., Harvey, S. K., & Agyapong, D. A. (2008). Effect of exchange rate volatility on the Ghana stock exchange. African Journal of Accounting, Economics, Finance, and Banking Research, 3(3), 1-20. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1534178
Akinola, A. O. (2018). The Political Economy of Xenophobia in Africa. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-64897-2#about
Benyera, E. (2018). Is the international criminal court unfairly targeting Africa? Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean States. Politeia, 37(1), 1–30. https://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/2403
Brobbey, C. A. B. (2018). Democratization and legitimization of xenophobia in Ghana. In The political economy of Xenophobia in Africa (pp. 69-79). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64897-2_6
Burns, J. K. (2008). Xenophobia-evolved 'outgroup' hatred or product of a toxic social environment? South African Journal of Psychiatry, 14(4), 120-121. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajpsyc/index
Carciotto, S., & D’Orsi, C. (2017). Access to Socio-Economic Rights for Refugees: A Comparison Across Six African Countries. Cape Town. https://ilpanetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2367_SIHMA_Research-Report_WEB3.pdf
Chandia, M., & Hart, T. G. B. (2016). An alien in the country of my birth: Xenophobia reinforcing otherness and promoting exclusion. Agenda, 30(2), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2016.1196987
Choane, M., Shulika, L. S., & Mthombeni, M. (2011). An Analysis of the Causes, Effects, and Ramifications of Xenophobia in South Africa. Insight on Africa, 3(2), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087814411138
Dauda, M., Sakariyau, R. T., & Ameen, A. (2018). Xenophobic violence in South Africa and the nigerians’ victimization: An empirical analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(4), 2677-2700. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JSSH%20Vol.%2026%20(4)%20Dec.%202018/32.%20JSSH-2197-2017.pdf
Dollard, J., Miller, N. E., Doob, L. W., Mowrer, O. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. Yale University. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10022-000
Dyson, L. L., Van-Heerden, J., & Sumner, P. D. (2015). A baseline climatology of sounding?derived parameters associated with heavy rainfall over Gauteng, South Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 35(1), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3967
Fakunmoju, S. B., Bammeke, F. O., Oyekanmi, F. A. D., Rasool, S., George, B., & Lachiusa, T. A. (2015). Attribution of blame to victim and attitudes toward partner violence: Cross-national comparisons across the United States, South Africa, and Nigeria. http://196.45.48.59/bitstream/handle/123456789/4960/Attribution_of_Blame_to_Victim_and_Attitudes_towar.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Fayomi, O. O., Chidozie, F. C., & Ajayi, L. A. (2015). Nigeria’s National Image and Her Foreign Policy: An Exploratory Approach. Open Journal of Political Science, 5(3), 180-196. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2015.53019
Gocking, R. (2005). The history of Ghana. Greenwood Publishing.
Gumede, V. (2015). Exploring thought leadership, thought liberation, and critical consciousness for Africa’s development. Africa Development, 40(4), 91-111. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/150608
Haigh, L., & Solomon, H. (2008). Responding to xenophobia in South Africa. Briefing Paper (Vol. 27). Pretoria. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.46.1.39
Harris, B. (2001). A foreign experience: violence, crime and xenophobia during South Africa’s transition. Violence and transition series. http://xenophobia.org.za/experience.pdf
Hickel, J. (2014). “Xenophobia” in South Africa: order, chaos, and the moral economy of witchcraft. Cultural Anthropology, 29(1), 103-127. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca29.1.07
Ibrahim, Y. K. & Ahmad, A. A. (2020). The causes of kidnapping and its implications on Nigeria. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 4(1), 1-9.
Kalitanyi, V., & Visser, K. (2010). African immigrants in South Africa: job takers or job creators? South African Journal of Economic & Management Sciences, 13(4), 376-390. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2222-34362010000400001
Koutonin, M. R. (2016). Nigeria’s role in ending Apartheid in South Africa. Silicon Africa News Paper Online. https://journal.unisza.edu.my/apj/index.php/apj/article/view/107
Matzopoulos, R., Corrigall, J., & Bowman, B. (2009). A health impact assessment of international migrants following the xenophobic attacks in Gauteng and the Western Cape. University of the Witwatersrand.
Misago, J. P., Freemantle, I., & Landau, L. B. (2015). Protection from xenophobia: An evaluation of UNHCR’s regional office for Southern Africa’s xenophobia related programmes. In University of Witwatersrand, ACMS.
Molatlhwa, O. (2012). Women in Mini Skirts Attacked at Taxi Rank. Sowetan Live. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/97926
Neocosmos, M. (2010). From foreign natives to native foreigners. Explaining xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa: Citizenship and nationalism, identity and politics. African Books Collective.
Nyamnjoh, F. B. (2006). Insiders and outsiders: Citizenship and xenophobia in contemporary Southern Africa. Zed Books.
Obi, C. (2015). Repositioning South Africa in global economic governance: A perspective from Nigeria. South African Journal of International Affairs, 22(2), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2015.1054305
Ogunnubi, O., & Amusan, L. (2018). Nigeria’s attitude towards South Africa’s perceived xenophobia: Exploring a shared hegemonic power for Africa’s development. The political economy of xenophobia in Africa (pp. 53-67). Switzerland: Springer. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/62150/1/355.pdf.pdf#page=59
Olaosebikan, A. Ohnson, & Ajayi, A. T. (2014). Expulsion of Nigerian immigrant community from Ghana in 1969: causes and impact. Developing Country Studies, 4(10), 176-186. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1001.933&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Olivier, M., & Govindjee, A. (2013). Labour rights and social protection of migrant workers: In search of a coordinated legal response. Inaugural Conference of the Labour Law Research Network (LLRN), Barcelona, Spain, 13-15. https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22905/thesis_law_2016_biney_elizabeth.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
Oni, E. O., & Okunade, S. K. (2018). The Context of Xenophobia in Africa: Nigeria and South Africa in Comparison. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64897-2_4
Onyekwena, C., Ademuyiwa, I., & Uneze, E. (2017). Trade and foreign direct investment nexus in West Africa: does export category matter? Investment and Competitiveness in Africa (pp. 109-133). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44787-2_6
Pastore, N. (1950). A Neglected Factor in the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis: A Comment. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 29(2), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1950.9916032
Philip, K., Tsedu, M., & Zwane, M. (2014). The impact of social and economic inequality on economic development in South Africa. UNDP.
Solomon, H., & Kosaka, H. (2013). Xenophobia in South Africa: Reflections, narratives, and recommendations. Southern African Peace and Security Studies, 2(2), 5-30. http://www.saccps.org/pdf/2-2/SAPSS%202(2)%20Solomon%20&%20Kosaka.pdf
Tafira, H. K. (2018). Inside the Mind of a Xenophobe. Xenophobia in South Africa (pp. 35-53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67714-9_3
Umezurike, S. A., & Lucky, A. E. (2015). Exploring Diplomatic Crisis of Nigeria and South Africa between 1994 and 2013. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p65
Unah, L. (2017). Who is South Africa to humiliate Nigeria? African Arguments, 2(1), 24.
Webb, B. (2008). Xenophobia used by right-wing populists. Star, 3(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2020/10n2a2
Whiteman, K., & Hendricks, C. (2004). South Africa in Africa: The Post Apartheid Decade. Centre For Conflict Resolution (CCR). https://www.africaportal.org/publications/south-africa-africa-post-apartheid-decade/
Yusuf, F. O., Ifijeh, G., & Owolabi, S. (2019). Institutional Repositories in Africa: Issue and Challenges. Landmark University, Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8437-7.ch008
Reality check team (October 2, 2019). South Africa: How common are Xenophobic attacks, Reality check, BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47800718
Wachiaya, C. (2019). UN refugee chief visits South Africa to show support for government and refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/en-my/news/latest/2019/10/5da6d73624/un-refugee-chief-visits-south-africa-show-support-government-refugees.html
Nkosi, M. (2019). Stars boycott South Africa over xenophobia attacks. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49576397
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Yusuf Kamaluddeen Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad, Usman Sufyan Duguri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Licensing & Copyright Policies
Articles in LASSIJ-IDEA are Open Access contents published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://
The copyright policy of LASSIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to subsequently publish their work. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s).
The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes, i.e., research or other educational use. Authors are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various creative commons licenses.
Readers are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure that they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.
