Minorities in social and state structures: reflections on the Sikh community of Swat, Pakistan

Abstract

The Sikh community of Swat has been living in the area since their migration from Hazara in the 19th century. They lived peacefully though dealt with as clients of the Pukhtuns of Swat till 1969 when it was merged with Pakistan. Under the 1973 Constitution, they are equal citizens of Pakistan, however, the practice may not be as prescribed by the State. There are citizens and social forces too, that work alongside state institutions. The post-9/11 militancy has affected the entire region and Swat remained a hotbed of militancy for more than a decade. The paper looks into the status of the Sikhs living in Swat, their economic and social opportunities, the threats that they have faced as well as their perception of their status. The Sikh community of Swat was approached, and a few questions were put before them which were frankly responded. Despite serious threats to the state and society at large, the Sikhs of Swat were not tortured by the militants which indicate that militancy was not an indigenous move. Though a few families migrated from the area but returned to Swat after a couple of years because they were not happy in the ‘other’ social structure.