Kargil Operation and its Effects on the Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/2.2.2Keywords:
Democracy, Kargil War, Kargil Episode, Civil-Military Relations, Military Coup, Kashmir, Dismissal of GovernmentAbstract
This paper aims to analyse the reasons of strained civil-military relations between the Army under General Pervaiz Musharraf as Chief of Army Staff and the civilian government under the premiership of Nawaz Sharif. A mixed method approach has been adopted for collection of primary and secondary data for this descriptive, theoretical, and qualitative study. The analysis shows that the relations between the two institutions i.e., the civilian government and the military were deteriorated due to an ill-fated Kargil war launched by the then Army Chief solely on his own decision. The war under the guise of Kashmiri mujahedeen movement became an unpleasant event for Pakistan in the international community. The situation compelled the elected government to declare withdrawal of the para-military forces unilaterally thus causing further damages in terms of human and material losses. The military, opposition parties and other groups in the country blamed the civilian government for this failure. Therefore, the post Kargil war developments became a major source of contention between civil and military leadership. The events and reasons leading to the removal of Army Chief, dismissal of elected government and dissolution of national and provincial assemblies have been critically analysed in this study.
Metrics
References
Adnan, M. (2015). The Kargil Crisis 1999 and Pakistan's Constraints. Journal of Political Studies, 22(1), 129-151.
Afridi, A. L. (2016). Interview for PhD Thesis with Adv. Abdul Latif Afridi by A. U. Rehman.
Aziz, S. (2009). Between Dreams and Realities: Some Milestones in Pakistan’s History. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Brooker, P. (2000). Non-Democratic Regimes: Theory, Government and Politics. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Cloughley, B. (2008). War, Coups and Terror: Pakistan Army in the Year of Turmoil. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
Daily Dawn, November 21, 1998. Pakistan Armed Forces Ordinance (Acting in Aid to the Civil Powers) 1998. Pakistan Armed Forces. Islamabad.
Finer, S. E. (1975). The Man on the Horse Back: The Role of Military in Politics (2nd ed.). Middlesex: Penguin Books.
Haqqani, H. (2005). Pakistan: Between Mosque and the Military. Lahore: Vanguards.
Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Idrees, M., Naazer, M. A., & Rehman, A. U. (2017). Conflicts and conflict management in SAARC. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal 1(2), 1-11.
Janowitz, M. (1977). Military Institutions and Coercion in the Developing Nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Karamat, J. (1998, October 06). Speach of Army Chief General Jahangir Karamat on 5th October 1988 at Naval Staff College. Islamabad: Daily Dawn.
Khan, M. A. (2016). Interview with Air Marshal (Rtd.) M. Asghar Khan for PhD Dissertation by A. U. Rehman.
Khan, N. U., & Rehman, A. U. (2018). National character and leadership in Pakistan: challenges and response. Pakistan Journal of Criminology 10(2), 57-71.
Kux, D. (2001). The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Musharraf, P. (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. London: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd.
Nawaz, S. (2008). Crossed Swords: Pakistan: Its Army, and the Wars Within. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Nizami, Q. (2009). Jernail aur Siasatdan Awam ki Addalat Main (Generals and Politicians in the Court of History) [Urdu]. Lahore: Jahangir Books.
Nordlinger, E. A. (1977). Soldiers in Politics: Military Coups and Governments. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc.
Qadir, S. (2002). An Analysis of Kargil Conflict 1999. RUSI Journal, 1-24.
Rehman, A. U., Khan, A., & Khan, B. (2017). Governemnt-opposition relations during Benazir Bhutto's Rule. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(2), 24-33.
Riedel, B. (2002). American Diplomacy and the 1999 Kargil Summit at Blair House. Philadelphia: Centre for Study of India at the University of Pennsylvania.
Rizvi, H. A. (1999). Pakistan in 1998: The Polity under Pressure. Asian Survey, 39, 177-184.
Sehri, I. R. (2012). Judges and Generals in Pakistan: Volume-I . Guildford, Surrey: Grosvenor House Publishing.
Shah, M. (2016). Interview for PhD Thesis with Brigadier (Rtd.) Mahmood Shah by A. U. Rehman.
The Newsline, July, 1999. Karachi.
Waraich, S. (2006). Who is the Traitor? (Who is Traitor) [Urdu]. Lahore: Sagar Publications.
Washington Post, September 2, 1999.
Ziring, L. (2004). Pakistan: At the Cross Currents of History. Lahore: Vanguards.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Ashfaq U. Rehman, Shugla Ashfaq, Taj Muharram Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Licensing & Copyright Policies
Articles in LASSIJ-IDEA are Open Access contents published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://
The copyright policy of LASSIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to subsequently publish their work. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s).
The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes, i.e., research or other educational use. Authors are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various creative commons licenses.
Readers are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure that they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.
