Radicalisation and deradicalisation in Pakistan: a case of Madarassahs from a security, psychological, and sociological perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/6.1.2Keywords:
Extremism, Militancy, Terrorism, Social grievances, Injustice, Sectarianism, Identity formation, Cognitive processes, Community resilience, Security issuesAbstract
This paper explores the complex phenomenon of radicalisation in Pakistan, focusing on madrasahs as pivotal sites for the propagation of extremist ideologies. It examines the interplay of security, psychological, and sociological factors that contribute to radicalisation, emphasising social grievances, feelings of injustice, and external influences. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the study applies key theories, including the frustration-aggression hypothesis, the staircase model of terrorism, and social identity theory, to understand the cognitive processes and social dynamics underlying radicalisation. The frustration-aggression theory elucidates how socio-economic and political frustrations can drive individuals toward radical ideologies. The staircase model illustrates the cognitive progression leading to extremist actions, while social identity theory highlights the role of group dynamics in forming radical identities. The paper advocates deradicalisation efforts, emphasising the importance of community-based initiatives, youth engagement, and religious reforms. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these interconnected factors, the research aims to offer valuable insights to policymakers and stakeholders for developing effective strategies to combat radicalisation and promote societal resilience in Pakistan.
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