A Qualitative Analysis of an Intelligent Use of Demand and Generation in the Microgrid

Izhar Salam; Moatasim Billah; Muhammad Maaz

doi:10.47264/idea.nasij/1.1.3

Authors

Izhar U. Salam Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila, Pakistan | US Pakistan Center for Advance Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Moatasim Billah Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila, Pakistan | US Pakistan Center for Advance Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Maaz Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.nasij/1.1.3

Keywords:

Renewable Energy Sources , Distributed Generator , Energy Storage System , Demand Side Management , Multi Agent System

Abstract

There are reliable solutions for overcoming the mismanagements and inefficiencies in the microgrid, which have been discussed, in the following proposed study. It focuses on the utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for operating the microgrid in a smart way such that the supply demand ratio is balanced profiting both the utility user and the end user. Power sources are scheduled as per requirement based on their availability and per unit cost. Centralized Multi Agent System (MAS) technique is adopted in which a central controller controls the operation of the whole microgrid system. Load agents attached to the system are of two types, i.e., critical load and non-critical load. The power to the critical load is to be maintained as a result of which in case of any emergency situation the power supplied to the non-critical load is shed off in order to make the critical load running. Different techniques are utilized for load management. Demand Side Management (DSM) is one of those techniques in which the load shifts from peak to off-peak hours and vice versa. Further, on the simulation of the proposed study has been performed in MATLAB/Simulink software and its hardware implementation has been done as well. The output results achieved indicates the supply to the load agents depending upon the availability of the power sources.

References

Anjana, S. P., & Angel, T. S. (2017, December). Intelligent demand side management for residential users in a smart micro-grid. In 2017 International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy (TAP Energy) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAPENERGY.2017.8397265

Azeroual, M., Lamhamdi, T., El Moussaoui, H., & El Markhi, H. (2020). Intelligent energy management system of a smart microgrid using multiagent systems. Archives of Electrical Engineering, 69(1),23-38. https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/131756/edition/115086/content

Bharath, K. R., Krishnan, M. M., & Kanakasabapathy, P. (2019). A review on dc microgrid control techniques applications and trends. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 9(3), 1328-1338. https://sun-connect-news.org/fileadmin/DATEIEN/Dateien/New/9671-32867-1-PB.pdf

Chandran, C., & Chandran, L. R. (2015, April). Performance analysis of Two Switch Buck Boost Converter fed DC motor. In 2015 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) (pp. 0099-0103). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7259448

Ifat, M., Mercangoz, B. A., & Hui, H. (2020). Consumer willingness to pay for attributes of alternative energy sources in Pakistan. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 4(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.3

Kennedy, J., Ciufo, P., & Agalgaonkar, A. (2012, July). Intelligent load management in microgrids. In 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (pp. 1-8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345729

Khodaei, A. (2014). Resiliency-oriented microgrid optimal scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(4), 1584-1591. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2311465

Logenthiran, T., Srinivasan, D., & Shun, T. Z. (2012). Demand side management in smart grid using heuristic optimization. IEEE transactions on smart grid, 3(3), 1244-1252. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2195686

Logenthiran,T., Naayagi R.T., Woo, W.L., Phan V.T., and Abidi, K. (2015). Intelligent control system for microgrids using multiagent system. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 3(4), 1036-1045. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278984079_Intelligent_Control_System_for_Microgrids_Using_Multi-Agent_System

Luna, A. C., Diaz, N. L., Savaghebi, M., Feng, W., Sun, K., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2017, October). Generation and demand scheduling for a grid-connected hybrid microgrid considering price-based incentives. In IECON 2017-43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (pp.2498-2503). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2017.8216420

Nunna, H. K., & Doolla, S. (2013, November). Intelligent demand side management in smart-microgrids. In 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Inteligent Energy Systems (IWIES) (pp. 125-130). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWIES.2013.6698573

Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Cañizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., ... & Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2014). Trends in microgrid control. IEEE Transactions on smart grid, 5(4), 1905-1919. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514

Sen, G., & Baysal, M. (2018, April). Multi agent-based control techniques to reduce losses for smart grid connected microgrids. In 2018 6th International Istanbul Smart Grids and Cities Congress and Fair (ICSG) (pp. 173-177). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SGCF.2018.8408967

Venizelou, V., Makrides, G., Efthymiou, V., & Georghiou, G. E. (2020). Methodology for deploying cost-optimum price-based demand side management for residential prosumers. Renewable Energy, 153, 228-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.025

Zhang, C., Xu, Y., Dong, Z. Y., & Ma, J. (2016). Robust operation of microgrids via two-stage coordinated energy storage and direct load control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(4), 2858-2868. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2627583

Zhang, C., Xu, Y., Dong, Z. Y., & Wong, K. P. (2017). Robust coordination of distributed generation and price-based demand response in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(5), 4236-4247.https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2653198