Sinophobia in the semiotic representation of Covid-19 in English language newspapers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.5

Keywords:

Sinophobia, Covid-19, Semiotics, English Language Newspapers, Discourse, fear

Abstract

This study examines use of semiotic resources, deployed by selected English language newspapers to describe a discourse of Sinophobia in the first wave of Covid-19. It explores how was the discourse of Sinophobia (anti-Chinese sentiments) expressed by highly circulated English language newspapers in the world? The data was based on 10 editorial articles of four English language newspapers: “The New York Times, The Guardian, The Tribune, and The Japan Times”. In addition, 30 participants’ perceptions about the semiotic choices used by these newspapers were studied to support the findings from selected editorials. Public comments were taken on the notion that they should talk about China and the role of Chinese people in spreading Covid-19. The data was interpreted through thematic analysis by codifying the emerging discursive themes. The findings reveal that semiotic resources deployed by the selected English language newspapers created a discourse of Sinophobia as the data laid great stress on the emergence of virus in the City of Wuhan, China. Moreover, the use of semiotic resources by the English language newspapers is replicated by the participants, as the language of the newspapers and participants on these semiotic resources surface positive self-claim and negative out-group. They divide between them and us, have and have not, eventually widened the language of fear, panic, and hatred.

References

Albader, F. (2020). Coronavirus and the resurgence of Sinophobia. Tsinghua China Law Review, 12(2), 289. http://www.tsinghuachinalawreview.org/articles/1202_Albader.htm

Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Anchor.

Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2014). Thematic analysis. In Encyclopedia of critical psychology (pp. 1947-1952). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_311

Cap, P. (2016). The language of fear: Communicating threat in public discourse. Palgrave Macmillan Springer.

Cohen, S. (2013). States of denial: Knowing about atrocities and suffering. John Wiley & Sons.

Corradi, J. E., Fagen, P. W., Garretón, M. A., & Merino, M. A. G. (Eds.). (1992). Fear at the edge: State terror and resistance in Latin America. University of California.

Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020135

Hua, J., & Shaw, R. (2020). Corona virus (Covid-19) “infodemic” and emerging issues through a data lens: The case of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.006

Kress, G. R., & Van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Psychology.

Kress, G. (2009). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. Routledge.

Mahr, D. (2020). The cultural construction of the ‘Bizzare’. Disentangling Sinophobic Language in media and science during the COVID-19 Epidemic (#WitnessingCorona). https://www.medizinethnologie.net/the-cultural-construction-of-the-bizzare/

Marko, D. (2013). Fear control in media discourse. Southeastern Europe, 37(2), 200-219, https://doi.org/10.1163/18763332-03702005

Rafi, M. S. (2020). Language of COVID-19: Discourse of fear and Sinophobia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3603922

Roche, G. (2020). The epidemiology of Sinophobia. Made in China Journal. https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/02/17/the-epidemiology-of-sinophobia/

Saul, J. (2019). What is happening to our norms against racist speech? Aristotelian Society, 93(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/arisup/akz001

Seay, L., & Dionne, K. Y. (2014, August 25). The long and ugly tradition of treating Africa as a dirty, diseased place. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/25/othering-ebola-and-the-history-and-politics-of-pointing-at-immigrants-as-potential-disease-vectors/

Schild, L., Ling, C., Blackburn, J., Stringhini, G., Zhang, Y., & Zannettou, S. (2020). "Go eat a bat, chang!": An early look on the emergence of sinophobic behavior on web communities in the face of covid-19. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.04046.

Silver, L., Devlin, K., & Huang, C. (2019). US views of China turn sharply negative amid trade tensions. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/08/Pew-Research-Center_U.S.-Views-of-China-Report_2019-08-13.pdf

Van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism and the press. Routledge.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2009). Society and discourse: How social contexts influence text and talk. Cambridge University.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2014). Discourse and knowledge: A sociocognitive approach. New Cambridge University.

Yong, C. (2020). UK police release images of 4 men linked to COVID-19 racist attack on Singaporean student in London. The Straits Times Singapore. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/uk-police-release-images-of -4-men-linked-tocovid-19

Zhang, C. (2008). From Sinophilia to Sinophobia: China, history, and recognition. Colloquia Germanica, 41(2), 97-110. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23981714

Zhao, I. (2020). Coronavirus has sparked racist attacks on Asians in Australia. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/ news/2020-02 01/coronavirus-hassparked-racist-attacks-on-asian-australians/11918962

Zheng, Y., Goh, E., & Wen, J. (2020). The effects of misleading media reports about COVID-19 on Chinese tourists’ mental health: a perspective article. Anatolia, 31(2), 337-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1747208

Published

2022-02-25

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles

How to Cite

Sinophobia in the semiotic representation of Covid-19 in English language newspapers. (2022). Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia), 3(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.5

Similar Articles

11-20 of 55

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.