Natural and Applied Sciences International Journal (NASIJ)
https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/nasij
<p>Natural and Applied Sciences International Journal (NASIJ) is open access, online, bi-annual/semiannual (with continuous publication strategy), editorial-reviewed (blind), peer-reviewed (double-blind), multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary journal under the umbrella of <a title="View Main Page" href="https://www.ideapublishers.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>IDEA Publishers Group</em></a>. NASIJ accepts original research and review articles around the year in the disciplines of natural sciences, applied sciences, engineering sciences, and allied fields, focusing on any region of the world. NASIJ believes that the inclusion of multiple academic disciplines helps pool the knowledge from two or more fields of study to handle better-suited problems by finding solutions established on new understandings. NASIJ was initiated in January 2020 to provide a publication platform following an eminent standard of research to academics and professionals, especially researchers, scholars, and scientists of national and international reputation.</p>IDEA Publishers Groupen-USNatural and Applied Sciences International Journal (NASIJ)2788-4619<p><strong>Licensing & Copyright Policies</strong></p> <p>Since July 2023, the manuscripts in NASIJ-IDEA are open-access content published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/&source=gmail&ust=1592426725128000&usg=AFQjCNF1ar-bQ3TZktKfEgZvZSBrJ02fEQ">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>. This license permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work and source are properly cited.</p> <p>The copyright policy of NASIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to publish their work subsequently. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s). </p> <p>The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators. The authors of NASIJ-IDEA are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various Creative Commons licenses.</p> <p>Readers of NASIJ-IDEA are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.</p>Investigations of carbon and particulate matter emissions of diesel engine using tertiary fuel
https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/nasij/article/view/1085
<p>The development of modern world reveals that the world is facing an energy crisis due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Biodiesel is renewable bioenergy made from vegetable oils, microalgae oil, and animal fats. The study involved adding 3,000 parts per million (ppm) of clove oil as an additive to the biodiesel. An endurance test was then conducted on a Compression Ignition (CI) engine for a duration of 100 hours, using three different fuel samples: pure diesel fuel (D100), a blend of 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel (B30), and a blend of biodiesel with 3,000 ppm of clove oil (3000 ppm). The study analysed the effects of the fuel samples on carbon emissions from a CI engine. The results show that carbon monoxide (1.69%) is reduced in B30 and (7.49%) is reduced in CL3000 ppm. Carbon dioxide (7.97%) in B30 and 12.59% in CL3000 ppm are also reduced. Further particulate diesel engine emissions using biodiesel and clove oil-blend fuel samples were investigated. It was found that PM emissions were reduced when using clove oil-blend fuel.</p>Sajjad BhangwarZohaib KhanAzhar Hussain ShahArif Ali RindMuhammad Siddique BalochIrfan GulMuhammad Nawaz
Copyright (c) 2024 Sajjad Bhangwar, Zohaib Zohaib Khan Khan, Azhar Hussain Shah, Arif Ali Rind, Muhammad Siddique Baloch, Irfan Gul, Muhammad Nawaz
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2024-02-292024-02-295111310.47264/idea.nasij/5.1.1Isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of Hepatitis B and C viruses in patients from Bahawalpur, Pakistan
https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/nasij/article/view/1013
<p>HBV and HCV are globally linked to chronic liver diseases and spread mainly through parenteral, vertical, and sexual routes. The epidemiologies of HBV and HCV infections in Bahawalpur, Pakistan was poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological dynamics and risk factors in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. A total of 263 samples were detected with HCV and HBV among various age groups between 21-80 years <em>via</em> molecular techniques (ELISA and PCR). Results for disease prevalence showed a higher rate for HCV as compared to HBV. Further, the gender-wise prevalence of HBV and HCV was also assessed. PCR revealed 50.1% prevalence rate in the male population as compared to 46% in females whereas, ELISA measured 34.5% and 17.4%. Moreover, results also confirmed the higher infection rate of Hepatitis in males with moderate age as compared to young and older age. This study concluded a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C in the population of Bahawalpur, having moderate age and causing a huge loss of economy to the community as well as Pakistan. Our findings improve understanding of HBV and HCV infection prevalence in Bahawalpur City, aiding government efforts to minimize associated losses.</p>Allah DittaKhawar Ali ShahzadAqsa Shaheen
Copyright (c) 2024 Allah Ditta, Khawar Ali Shahzad, Aqsa Shaheen
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2024-03-252024-03-2551142710.47264/idea.nasij/5.1.2The urban expansion and its effect on temperature trends of Faisalabad city, Pakistan
https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/nasij/article/view/1029
<p>Rapid urbanisation on the global stage is a source of worry over its environmental impacts as far as local climate patterns are concerned. This research analyses the effects of urbanisation indices on local temperature anomalies in Faisalabad, Pakistan, from 1972 to 2022. Trends of mean, maximum, and lowest temperature, urban population, built-up area, the number of factories, and the number of automobiles were analysed in the data of five decades. The plot shows that the warming trend recorded from Faisalabad’s temperature data is evident from an increase in both mean maximum and minimum temperature and the increase in mean temperature by 2°C. The city underwent rapid urbanisation during this period, which resulted in an increased urban population six times, while the extent of built-up areas was extended four times, and industrial and vehicular activities also increased considerably. This provides a statistically excellent correlation between years and temperature measures, yielding coefficients as shown (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9615, 0.9931, and 0.9839), which indicate that the period under study has a solid relationship with these temperature patterns. The research underscores the significant climatic impacts of urbanisation and calls for environmentally responsible urban planning, suggesting global solutions to tackle urban climate change and sustainable development.</p>Muhammad Zaib ArshadZafar IqbalM. Satish Kumar
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Zaib Arshad, Zafar Iqbal, M. Satish Kumar
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2024-03-262024-03-2651284310.47264/idea.nasij/5.1.3Performance evaluation of marble dust as a filler material in asphalt concrete in Peshawar, Pakistan
https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/nasij/article/view/1082
<p>Marble dust generated during cutting, grinding, carving, and polishing is one of the significant sources of marble production. Due to its high production, it can be used as an alternative material and has been used as a filler replacement to retain outstanding usability. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of marble dust as filler in asphalt concrete. A mixed design was developed for asphalt concrete with marble dust. To assess the impact of various percentages of these industrial waste on the qualities of the asphalt filler matrix by contrasting it with the properties of the mix, including stone dust as filler, various tests like Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile, wheel tracker and Resilience Modulus (RM) were carried out. The comparison results reveal that modified asphalt concrete has 1.63% more stability than normal concrete. Similarly, the indirect tensile test shows 23% more strength, the wheel tracker test shows low rutting depth for modified HMA and a 44% increase in MR. The bitumen extender marble dust infill reduces the ideal binder by 4.05%. As a result, marble dust can be used as a filler in asphalt concrete up to 4.5% with success, creating a stable, economical, and eco-friendly pavement.</p>Atif AliMuhammad Majid NaeemFawad AhmadFazle Subhan
Copyright (c) 2024 Atif Ali, Muhammad Majid Naeem, Fawad Ahmad, Fazle Subhan
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2024-03-272024-03-2751445410.47264/idea.nasij/5.1.4