Revisiting the Importance of Cultural Approaches and Values in the International Affairs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.14Abstract
It is claimed that international relations are based on intercultural ties between nations of the states. Culture and international relations are becoming increasingly interdependent of each other. As international relations are the links between the nations, and the nations are bound by different cultures. This paper discusses the importance of culture in international affairs. It evaluates the previous literature and other secondary sources to analyse the prominent role of culture and cultural diplomacy in foreign policy and international affairs. It sheds light on the history that how culture influences other nations and how it is used in the current time. The paper further discusses that culture plays a vital role in resolution of conflicts and harvest peace and cooperation among nations at times of peace and conflict. This also stresses that global actors (leaders and institutions) should value the elements of local cultures in policy-making, even organizations doing business on foreign lands. Such considerations are essential not only in policy making but also in doing businesses.
Metrics
References
Ahmad, R., Gul, A., & Khan, M. M. (2020). India and the US as enduring global partners: an assessment. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(3), e2094.
Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., & Mar, P. (2015). Cultural diplomacy: beyond the national interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365-381.
Bolewski, W., & Kennedy, J. F. (2008). Diplomatic processes and cultural variations: the relevance of culture in diplomacy. The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 145-160. https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/5460-bolewski----diplomatic-processes-and-cultural
Bound, K., Briggs, R., Holden, J., & Jones, S. (2007). Culture is a central component of international relations: it's time to unlock its full potential. https://www.culturehive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Demos-Cultural-diplomacy-report.pdf
Bozeman, A. (1960). Culture and politics in international history. Princeton University.
Chay, J. (1990). Culture and international relations. Praeger.
Cull, N. J. (2008). Public diplomacy before Gullion: the evolution of a phrase. In: Routledge handbook of public diplomacy (pp. 39-43). Routledge.
Cull, N. J. (2009). Public diplomacy: lessons from the past (No. s 12). Figueroa Press.
Feng, H., & Feng, H. (2017). Cultural influences on foreign policy. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.404
Ferguson, J. (2001). The controversial role of culture in international relations. The Department of International Relations, Bond University, Australia http://www.international-relations.com/wbadvir/wbadvir4.htm
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
Gibbs, A. (1991). Cultural and political limitations within a rational approach towards educational change. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(2), 182-186.
Goff, P. M. (2017). Cultural diplomacy. In: The Oxford handbook of modern diplomacy.
Grove, A. (2010). Culture and foreign policy analysis. In: International Studies Association and Oxford University. https://doi.org/10.1093/ACREFORE/9780190846626.013.381
Hayden, C. (2012). The rhetoric of soft power: public diplomacy in global contexts. Lexington Books.
Hussain, Z. Z. (2011). The effect of domestic politics on foreign policy decision making. http://www.e-ir.info/2011/02/07/the-effect-of-domestic-politics-on-foreign-policy-decision-making/
Iriye, A. (1997a). Cultural internationalism and world order. The John Hopkins University. https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/cultural-internationalism-and-world-order
Iriye, A. (1997b). OSS in China: prelude to cold war: Yale University. https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1997.10525313
Iriye, A. (1979). Culture and power: international relations as intercultural relations. Diplomatic History, 3(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1979.tb00305.x
Knutagard, H. (1996). New trends in European youth and drug cultures. Paper presented at the Youth '95 symposium (1995: Hobart). Youth Studies Australia, 15(2), 37-42. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=970100900;res=IELAPA;type=pdf
Khan, M. M., Ahmad, R., & Fernald, L. W. (2020). Diplomacy and education: a systematic review of literature. Global Social Sciences Review, 5(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01
Lantis, J. S. (2002). Strategic culture and national security policy. International Studies Review, 4, 87-113. https://doi.org/10.2307/3186465
Lapid, Y., & Kratochwil, F. V. (1996). The return of culture and identity in IR theory. Lynne Rienner. https://www.rienner.com/title/the_return_of_culture_and_identity_in_ir_theory
Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R. Y., & Putnam, R. D. (2001). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University.
Li, E. (2018). The Rise and fall of soft power. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/20/the-rise-and-fall-of-soft-power/
Liu, C., Kuang, Y., Huang, N. and Liu, X. (2014) An empirical research on evaluation of low-carbon economy in Guangdong Province, China: Based on "Production, Life and Environment". Low Carbon Economy, 5, 139-152. https://doi.org/10.4236/lce.2014.54015
Marcos, D. (2016). Ideas, beliefs, strategic culture, and foreign policy: understanding Brazil's geopolitical thought. University of Central Florida. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6105&context=etd
Martens, K. (n.d.). Culture and foreign policy: a comparative study of Britain, France and Germany. https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/271539ad-35a6-4837-82b7-8b86a3b6d092.pdf
Matthes, D. (2010). Culture, globalization, and international relations. International Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy, 01-05. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/articles/symposium2010/participant-papers/Danielle_Matthes_-_Usa.pdf
Miller, T., & Yudice, G. (2002). Introduction: the history and theory of cultural policy. In Cultural Policy. Sage. https://sk.sagepub.com/books/cultural-policy/n1.xml
Otchet, L. (1998). The knowledge economy: when ideas are capital. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000114252
Pethiyagoda, K. (2014). Why cultural values cannot be ignored in international relations. East Asia Forum. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/09/20/why-cultural-values-cannot-be-ignored-in-international-relations/
Pettman, I. (1992). New library world: vision, virtual reality and reality. New Library World, 93(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000002416
Press-Barnathan, G. (2017). Thinking about the role of popular culture in international conflicts. International Studies Review, 19(2), 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viw030
Pye, L. W., & Verba, S. (2015). Political culture and political development. Princeton University. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691648880/political-culture-and-political-development
Reents-Budet, D. (2000). Michael D. Coe & Justin Kerr. The art of the Maya scribe. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997; New York: Abrams, 1998. Pp. 240. Hb $75.00. Language in Society, 29(3), 464-467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450038304X
Reiterer, M. (2014). Role of culture in EU-China relations. The European Foreign Affairs Review, 19. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.kluwer/eurofa0019&id=475&div=&collection=
Stanzel, V. (2018). New realities in foreign affairs: diplomacy in the 21st century. PLoS ONE, 10(11). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142390
Stelowska, D. (2015). Culture in international relations defining cultural diplomacy. Polish Journal of Political Science, 1(3), 50-72.
Veeran, V. E. (2009). The 'cultural turn' in international relations: making sense of world politics. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2009/05/10/the-cultural-turn-in-international-relations-making-sense-of-world-politics/
Verweij, M., Oros, A., & Jacquin-Berdal, D. (1998). Culture in world politics. In: Culture in World Politics (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26778-1_1
Wang, Y. (2007). Globalisation enhances cultural identity. Intercultural Communication Studies, 16(1), 83-86. https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/09-Yi-Wang.pdf
Weber, M. (1958). The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Trans. T. Parsons. Charles Scribner's.
Yaqing, Q. (2012). Chinese culture and its implications for foreign policy-making. China Institute of International Studies. http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2012-04/12/content_4934865.htm
Zhao, F., Ahmad, R., & Liao, P. (2019). Cross-cultural adaptation of international talents from the belt and road countries: a case study of Suzhou Vocational University. Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 10(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000443
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Musa Khan, Riaz Ahmad, Tahir Mahmood Azad, Moldalieva Nargiza

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Licensing & Copyright Policies
Articles in LASSIJ-IDEA are Open Access contents published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://
The copyright policy of LASSIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to subsequently publish their work. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s).
The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes, i.e., research or other educational use. Authors are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various creative commons licenses.
Readers are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure that they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.