Reinventing the Identity and Interests: Pakistan and the Middle East (1971 to 1979)

Farrukh Faheem; Abida Bano; Wang Xingang

doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.19

Authors

Farrukh Faheem Department of History, Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan. | Department of World History, Northwest University, Xian, China. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-2476
Abida Bano Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-5981
Wang Xingang Department of World History, Northwest University, Xian, China. | Syrian Research Centre, Northwest University, Xian, China. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-8459

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.19

Keywords:

Identity, National Identity, National Interests, Indo-Pak War, 1971 War, Arab-Israel War, Middle East, OIC, Bhutto Rule, Muslim World

Abstract

Pakistan's territorial mutilation in the 1971 war with India was the utmost military, psychological and political disaster for Pakistan. Pakistan lost its Eastern wing and more than ninety thousand soldiers, civilians, civilians, and along with the territory, all the same to India. In the prevailing uncertainty, Pakistan vigorously asserted its Islamic Identity to foster its moral, economic, and political interests to revive from the loss. It looked towards the Middle East to revive its national identity and interests' fulfilment. During the Seventies, political changes within the Middle Eastern region were also favourable and useful for promoting Islamic ideology and shared identity. There was much scope to achieve ideological, strategic, economic, and foreign policy objectives that Pakistan missed in the past. The new Pakistani civilian government under Bhutto arranged shuttle diplomacy overtures the Middle Eastern Muslim countries to convince them to help Pakistan rebuild its identity and achieve its interests. Bhutto was one of the principal architects of the newly charged Muslim unity. He skilfully and effectively used the OIC platform to guard the country's identity and interests.

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