The Determinants of Intra-Party Elections in Pakistan: A Study of Major Political Parties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.15Keywords:
Political Parties, Party Members, Political Leadership, Dynastic Families, Dynastic Politics, Party Elections, Political ChallengesAbstract
The article covers the need and importance of intra-party elections in Pakistan. It is an essential mode to observe internal democracy in a political party and a gateway to promote ordinary members from bottom to top in leadership position. Intra-party democracy played key role in the production of new leadership from the grass-roots level. The intra-party democracy is significant for the stability of a political system. It also engaged the party members to defend and explain the party policies in the right way. Hence, intra-party democracy provides a leading role to all registered members to participate directly or indirectly in the process of decision making. In Pakistan, political parties and state politics revolve around personalities and some monastic families. Even mainstream political parties of Pakistan avoided intra-party elections and leading leadership comes from the top through direct nomination. In this way all the portfolios within the parties are conformed. This paper further explores that what are the challenges faced by a real and authentic intra-party elections in Pakistani political parties and why political parties avoided an intra-party election. The study concludes that in practice the grass-roots members of political parties are ignored in all crucial decisions making within the party.
Metrics
References
Akhtar, N. (2008). Pakistan's undemocratic political culture. In 17thBiennial Conference of the Asian studies Association of Australia in Melbourne 1-3 July 2008. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.539.9475&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Brady, D. W. (1988). Critical elections and congressional policy making. Stanford University.
Dodd, L. (1976). Coalition in Parliamentary Governments. Princeton University.
Hazan, R. Y., & Rahat, G. (2010). Democracy within parties: candidate selection methods, and their political consequences. Oxford University.
Hofmeister, W., & Grabow, K. (2011). Political parties: functions and organisation in democratic societies. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
Hussain, D. (2017, April 16). PTI determined to hold intra-party polls on time. Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1384960/pti-determined-hold-intra-party-polls-time/
Hussain, M. (2017). Who would ensure transparency in intra-party polls? The Nation. https://nation.com.pk/10-Jan-2017/who-would-ensure-transparency-in-intra-party-polls
International Crisis Group. (2011). Islamic parties in Pakistan, Asian Report No. 216. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/pakistan/islamic-parties-pakistan
Khan, A., Khan, T. M., & Rehman, A. U. (2017). Government-opposition relations amidst the provincial autonomy during Bhutto regime. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 54(2), 41-52. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/04-Paper_54_2_17.pdf
Malik, H. (2018, February 21). Supreme Court bars disqualified Nawaz Sharif from heading PML-N. Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1640783/1-sc-reserves-judgement-election-act-case/
Mughary, I. (2017, January 08). PPP Faction hold intra-party polls to award top slots to Zardari and Bilawal. Daily Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1307199
Mehboob, A. B. (2019). Personal interview by in lead author. Ahmed Bilal Mehboob is the president of Pakistan-based think tank PILDAT and columnist for the Daily DAWN. https://pildat.org/about-us
Mahmood, S. (2003). Pakistan: political roots and development, 1947-1999. Oxford University.
Mimpen J. (2007). Intra-party democracy and its discontents: democratisation in a volatile, political landscape. Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy, The Hague. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.581.8569
Mushtaq, A. Q., Ibrahim, M., & Kaleem, M. (2013). Dynastic politics in Pakistan. International Journal of History and Research (IJHR), 3(4), 1-12. http://www.tjprc.org/publishpapers/2-42-1375764356-1.Dynastic%20Politics.full.pdf
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. Gerhart, B. Wright, P. M. (2007). Developing employees for future success (Chapter-9). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill.
PILDAT, (2016, February 1). Internal democracy of major political parties of Pakistan 2015. Report No. pp-015. Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. https://pildat.org/political-parties1/internal-democracy-of-major-political-parties-of-pakistan-2015
Poguntke, T. & Webb, P. (2005). (eds). The presidentialization of politics: a comparative study of modern democracies. Oxford University.
Putnam, R. (1976). The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Prentice-Hall.
Raza, B. (2012). A baseline study on organisational practices and effectiveness of political parties in Pakistan.A paper presented in Cambridge Business and Economics Conference, Cambridge UK. http://www.gcbe.us/2012_CBEC/data/Bushra%20Raza.doc
Rehman, A. U., Khan, A., & Khan, B. (2017). Government-opposition relations during Benazir Bhutto’s rule. Liberal Arts & Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(2), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3
Rehman, O. (2016). Intra-party election and democracy in political parties of Pakistan. The Weekly Pakistan. https://www.the weeklypakistan.com/2016/03/25/ intra-party-elections-democracy-in-political-parties-of-Pakistan
Salih, M.A. M. (2006). The challenges of internal party democracy in Africa. In A Handbook on Working with Political Parties. UNDP. https://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/undp-a-handbook-on-working-with-political-parties
Sandri, G., & Amjahad, A. (2015). Party membership and intra-party democracy: how do members react to organizational change within political parties? The case of Belgium. Partecipazione-e-Conflitto, 8(1), 190-214. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41169245.pdf
Scarrow, S. (2005). Implementing intra-party democracy. In Johnston, M. (ed.). Political parties and democracy in theoretical perspectives: political finance policy, parties, and democratic development. National Democratic Institute of International Affairs (NDI). https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/1949_polpart_johnston_110105_5.pdf
The Constitution of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. https://jamaat.org/
The Political Parties Order, 2002. Chief Executive’s Order No. 18 of 2002. Government of Pakistan. https://www.ecp.gov.pk/frmGenericPage.aspx?PageID=3027
Vandeleene, A. (2014). Conceptualisation of intraparty democracy: the case of candidate selection in Belgium in 2014.A paper presented at the 8th ECPR General Conference, 3-6 September 2014. Panel: S026: Elites and Citizens: Leadership, Responsiveness, or Distance? Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Wauters, B. (2014). Democratising party leadership selection in Belgium: motivations and decision makers. Political Studies, 62, 61-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12002
Yasin, A. (2017, May 22). PTI’s Intra-party election not different from other parties. Daily Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1335137
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Shaukat Ullah, Amna Mahmood, Surat Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Licensing & Copyright Policies
Articles in LASSIJ-IDEA are Open Access contents published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://
The copyright policy of LASSIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to subsequently publish their work. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s).
The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes, i.e., research or other educational use. Authors are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various creative commons licenses.
Readers are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure that they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.
