2026-03-15T07:41:23Z https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/oai

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/307 2022-11-23T20:44:06Z jhsms:ART driver

Pakistan’s Exertions of Reconciliation between Iran and Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Opportunities Zehraa, Sania Imtiaz, Ayesha Ahmad, Jawad Pakistan Iran Saudi Arabia Middle East Iran-Saudi Rivalry Geo-Economy Conflict Management Security Political Science Middle East Studies International Relations The Middle East is experiencing a period of progressive change that is testing the international strategies of every single local state. In this new condition, openings and difficulties exist for various territorial and extra-local states to propel their national advantages, while endeavouring to minimize those of their adversaries. One of the most significant contentions characterizing the vital scene of the Middle East is Saudi-Iran relations. Saudi Arabia and Iran have frequently carried on as genuine adversaries for impact in the Middle East. Pakistan is partner of both states and attempting to arbitrate between them for territorial harmony and congruity. The point of the accompanying work is to examine the Saudi-Iranian competition and endeavours of conciliation of Pakistan between two. This paper aims to explore the new developments in Saudi-Iranian relations and their impact on Middle East. This research is descriptive and analytical. It is qualitative research and secondary methods such as books, articles, journals, newspapers, and magazines have been utilized. The study analyses and examines the role of Pakistan as a mediator between both respective states and how Iran and Saudi Arabia’s quest for regional hegemony may impact the Middle East and Pakistan. IDEA-PRCS 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/307 10.47264/idea.jhsms/1.1.4 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): January-December 2020; 44-52 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/307/135 Middle East Copyright (c) 2020 Sania Zehraa, Jawad Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/308 2024-09-19T18:42:22Z jhsms:ART driver

Unilateral vs. multilateral approaches in US foreign policy: A case study of Iraq and Afghanistan war Mahmood, Amna Sherazi, Tatheer Zahra Shahrukh, Muhammad Wajeeh War on Terror US War on Terror US-Iraq Relations US-Afghan Relations Afghan War Iraq War Post 9/11 US Policy Political Science Foreign Policy Analysis International Relations During the US war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Bush administration vindicated its pre-emptive military strikes against Iraq and Afghanistan on the grounds of national security. The strike was carried out under the Bush administration’s National Security Strategy which asserts the right of the US to take unilateral military action against rogue states and terrorist organisations in order to prevent or to reduce an assumed attack by such groups or organisations against the United States. However, the action by the administration has been widely criticised as not being in conformity with international law and United Nations Security Council resolutions. It has been investigated in this research paper that the hidden motive behind the attacks on these two countries was not merely the elimination of the terrorist groups and to stop their activities and to destroy the weapons of mass destruction but also to capture the oil, gas, and other natural resources in order to sustain the fastest growing economy of the US and western countries. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the two approaches, unilateral and multilateral, which were incorporated into US foreign policy with special reference to the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/308 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 1-9 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/308/192 Iraq, Afghanistan, US Copyright (c) 2021 Amna Mahmood, Tatheer Zahra Sherazi, Muhammad Wajeeh Shahrukh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/309 2022-11-23T20:44:06Z jhsms:ART driver

Impact of Arab Spring on Egypt: An Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Mahmood, Amna Wajid, Sadia Sherazi, Tatheer Zahra Arab Spring Authoritarianism in Egypt Uprising in Egypt Democracy in Egypt Islamists in Egypt International Relations Middle East Studies Political Arab spring emerged as a unique phenomenon: not only that it surprised the world’s policy makers, but it also started a debate in the academia about the reasons, motivations and dynamics of change and its explanations within the paradigms of existing theories of political change. This change was the result of political mobilization of certain new sectors of societies in Arab countries. The nature and direction of this change was no doubt different in different countries but it inspired the entire region as a domino effect. It left no option for all the authoritarian regimes in pre-dominantly Muslim Middle East but to opt for political reforms at least. Although the western powers welcomed Arab Spring at the beginning however this optimism eroded when the later developments proved that a democratic electoral process might produce governments, not entirely to the liking of the West. This paper examines; (a) the socio-political mobilization that proved to be the last blow to the Mubarak’s dictatorship and formation of President Muhammad Morsi’s elected government; (b) the post-2011 political dynamics in Egypt; (c) the implications of the rise of Islamists to power in Egypt for regional politics; and (d) the response of the western world towards Islamists power and 2011 mobilization. IDEA-PRCS 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/309 10.47264/idea.jhsms/1.1.3 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): January-December 2020; 30-43 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/309/134 Middle East Copyright (c) 2020 Amna Mahmood, Sadia Wajid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/310 2024-05-18T15:46:43Z jhsms:ART driver

Cellular Phone Text Messaging Patterns & Teenagers of Southern Punjab: A Using and Gratification Analysis Ali, Shahzad Sohail, Faryal Bhutta, Muhammad Makkey Text Messaging Teenagers Texting Trends Southern Punjab Mobile Phones Mass Communication Media Studies Journalism The modifications in mobile phone technology have transformed the trends of people in Pakistan, particularly teenagers. The feature of text messaging is being excessively used for interpersonal communication among teenagers. The present study focuses on the text messaging consumption patterns and the behavioural trends among the teenagers of southern Punjab, Pakistan in the light of uses and gratification approach. Survey research designed was adopted with structured questionnaires. The sample included 627 teenagers studying in various institutions of Multan City. The results of this research revealed that teenagers frequently use text messaging to communicate with others as it is a convenient way of communication. Respondents also showed a tendency of answering the messages from unknown people. Specifically, teenage boys have more tendency of replying to strangers and texting while sitting in family gatherings as compared to girls. Conclusively, it was revealed in this study that text messaging is a distractive activity with the capacity of giving opportunity to individuals to gratify the specific desires. In this rigid and socially segregated society of Pakistan text messaging is the most popular mean of communication without denying its pros and cons. IDEA-PRCS 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/310 10.47264/idea.jhsms/1.1.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): January-December 2020; 1-16 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/310/132 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2020 Shahzad Ali, Faryal Sohail, Muhammad Makkey Bhutta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/314 2022-11-23T20:44:06Z jhsms:ART driver

Political Struggle for Women Empowerment: A Comparative Study of General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf Era Shabir, Sobia Mahmood, Amna Women Empowerment Hadood Ordinance 1979 Women Protection Bill 2006 Zina Bill Enlightened Modernization Islamization Plan Political Science Pakistan Studies Women are more than half of the Pakistan’s population, still they are discriminated in every field of life due to prevailing misinterpreted religious teachings, patriarchy, and feudalistic values, which are deep rooted in society. Alongside, since independence military role remain dominant in political that have strong impact in shaping women status in Pakistan. For this reason, in this article comparison of two military regimes General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf is made to explore how their policies shaped the women status in Pakistani society. General Zia was determined to Islamized the legal system of Pakistan, which limited the women within four walls of home; no practical political will was there to empower women. The introduction of Hadood Ordinance 1979, blocked women social, economic, and political liberation.  Contrary to this, General Pervez Musharraf’s era seems a cure, as political efforts made, for instance, Women Protection Bill 2006 introduced, and vague legislation introduced in General Zia era redrafted. First time in history of Pakistan women quota that much increased in National Assemblies of Pakistan, their political struggle to get rights encouraged, which resulted in women-oriented legislation. All this effort, remained very helpful to enhance the women social, economic, and political position at national level, and portrayed soft image of Pakistan internationally. IDEA-PRCS 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/314 10.47264/idea.jhsms/1.1.2 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): January-December 2020; 17-29 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/314/133 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2020 Sobia Shabir, Amna Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/318 2022-11-23T20:44:06Z jhsms:ART driver

Socio-cultural Obstacles in the Way of Women Participation in Politics: A Case Study of District Charsadda, Pakistan Khan, Shehla Shah, Musawar Women Empowerment Social Values Cultural Values Women in Politics Sociology Political Sociology Political participation is one of the important factors of empowerment and creates awareness among females about their rights in a society. Equal distribution of power, authority, rights, needs and participation etc. are the need of an hour. In male dominant society women are not allow to participate in politics, caste vote and contest in the politics as a member. In Pakhtun society specifically in district Swat females are confronted much more miseries and dilemmas to take part in active politics. The primary facts were collected through simple random sampling technique where the total population, was 196 in the target area of the study. After the collection of the primary data then the researcher analyzed the empirical data through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The data were analyzed in two phases in the first phase of the analysis the frequency and percentages have come out through descriptive statistics in univariate and the bivariate data were analyzed by applying Chi-square test to see the association level between independent variable (social and cultural values) and dependent variables (women participation in active politics) in inferential statistics. Through the political participation of women, it can easily encourage and award women to address their issues and solve them according to their own wishes and desire. The study recommended that although women had liberty, however religious misinterpretation were in prevalence. Also this is recommended that women participation in social and cultural values improve the women part in active politics. IDEA-PRCS 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/318 10.47264/idea.jhsms/1.1.5 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): January-December 2020; 53-65 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/318/136 Charsadda, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2020 Shehla Khan, Musawar Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/334 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Implications of ethno-linguistic politics on the national integration in Pakistan Saleem, Muhammad Islam, Saiful authoritarianism ethnic politics linguistic issues linguistic politics federation federal structure pluralism provincial autonomy national integration Political Science Pakistan Studies The problem of national integration can be found mostly in the developing countries. The post-colonial period holds great significance in this connection. The governments of those countries did introduce different kinds of strategies to ensure national integration but failed. National integration is a big issue in Pakistan and the main reason is multi-cultural society having conflicting ethno-linguistic interests. No ruler or government seems to have honestly tried to resolve this turbulent issue. All groups living in Pakistan have many kinds of grievances. The unfair distribution of wealth is faced by all groups. The state espoused authoritarian policy to establish its position and power. Baluchistan has natural gas but is the poorest province. Similarly, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa produces electricity of Pakistan but faces more load shedding than other provinces. As for as the attainment and maintenance of national integration are concerned, provincial autonomy and strong federal institutions are the prerequisites. Only those countries have achieved national integration in the post-colonial period who have adopted pluralistic and rejected assimilationist approach. Strengthening of political institutions and federal system can redress the grievances of the oppressed groups. In this paper the researcher has tried to discuss implications of ethno-linguistic politics on national integration in Pakistan. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/334 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.9 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 119-130 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/334/239 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Saleem, Saiful Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/335 2023-11-11T17:50:17Z jhsms:ART driver

Preferences and constraints on an Islamic consumer: An analysis from Islamic perspective Khan, Fida Muhamamd Muslim consumer Islamic consumer behaviour Islamic consumer theory logical positivism preferences of Islamic consumer constraints of Islamic consumer Finance Economics Consumption is one of the central activity of an economy. It is perhaps the ultimate aim of all economic activity. The paper investigates Muslim consumer behaviour. The question that this study answers are what Muslim consumer behaviour is and how does it differ from Nep-Classical approach. This Study has adopted a realist ontological stance and interpretivist Epistemology. Units of data collection for the study were the Quranic verses and the texts of Hadith. The study found that an optimal Muslim consumer is confined in his consumption and spending to the boundaries of Sharia i.e., to stay away from Tabzir (pre-eminence) and Israf (extravagance) and follows the balanced approach, which is moderation and unlike modern day neo-classical Consumer theory, consumption is not the ultimate aim of human being. The paper suggests that the consumption behaviour of Muslim consumer must be guided by Islamic Principles. The paper also finds that the Muslim consumer should prioritize his/her expenditure within the domain of the Halal earning and spending. Thus, the findings of the paper show a compact Islamic consumer framework. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/335 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.8 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 85-94 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/335/200 Global Copyright (c) 2021 Fida Muhamamd Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/340 2023-11-11T17:50:17Z jhsms:ART driver

Politico-cultural appropriation of Native American in American Indian poetry and drama: Unflinchingly documents the halfway existence Malik, Shaista Zakki, Samar Dur-e-Afsha Riaz, Wajid American Indian Literature Euro-American Paternalism Coercive Strategies Tribalism Mainstreaming English During the Twentieth century Native American literature evolved from anonymity into prominence by assuming a commitment to reflect the particular challenges that faced Native American people during last two centuries. Native American Literature illuminates about Native American lives, culture and how Indian values have changed from traditional tribal to mainstream ones that threatened tribal existence. The paper seeks to substantiate that this literature documents the horrible impact of brutal federal government on Indian’s lives through policies and programs designed to subject them to degrading and confining existence both on physical and mental levels. The paper also seeks to prove that the Indians in order to adapt themselves to the mainstream Euro-American ways lost their old ones along the way but could not adopt mainstream American lifestyle. At the turn of the Twenty First century, because of the coercive strategies for assimilation, American Indians residing on reservations could not become a part of mainstream America but the way back to traditionalism was also farther away and irreversible. The paper also strives to substantiate that Native American literature documents and provokes Indians to assert their tribal identity by retaining many of the tribal ways and values. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/340 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.12 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 133-146 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/340/217 Native America Copyright (c) 2021 Shaista Malik, Samar Zakki, Dur-e-Afsha, Wajid Riaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/365 2024-05-18T15:47:54Z jhsms:ART driver

Professional skills of speech therapist in special education centres of Punjab, Pakistan Mumtaz, Aqsa Saeed, Bareera Khan, Muhammad Aurangzeb Speech Language Pathologist SLP professional skills knowledge workload assessment tools special education centres Education Psychology Sociology Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) evaluate and treat speech-language impairments through professional knowledge and skills. Still, they also provide other resources such as assessing and treating swallowing, impaired memory, and hearing issues. The present study is about the factors affecting the professional skills of speech therapists in special education centres in Punjab. A cross-sectional research design was used. A total sample of 75 speech therapists was drawn through the purposive sampling technique in special educational centres of Punjab, including districts of Lahore, Mandibahudin, Sahiwal, Okara, and Shekhupura. There were 68 (90.7%) participants aged 20 to 30. There were 61 (81.3%) male participants and 14 (18.7%) female participants in the study. Results show that the majority of female participants (39.3%) strongly agreed that speech therapists do not have sufficient skills in special education centres, and it causes work burnout among 49.5% of female participants. Still, there is no gender association value of p>0.001. 50.8% of female participants agreed training and the latest assessment tools are required for desired outcomes in therapeutic sessions. This research concluded that failure to ensure efficient technical skills of speech and language pathologists in special education centres has resulted in a slew of permanent, deadly effects for SLPs. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/365 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.2 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 10-23 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/365/191 Punjab, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Aqsa Mumtaz, Bareera Saeed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/407 2024-05-18T15:47:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Reforms for culmination of the deadlock in appellate body of WTO: An agenda of saving the multilateral trading system Khan, Asif Wu, Ximei World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) appellate body deadlock proposal reforming multilateral trading system Law The World Trade Organization's (WTO’s) dispute settlement mechanism, known as the "pearl in the crown," is stalled due to United States (U.S.) obstruction, which prevents appellate body members from being ordained. This situation continues, and the WTO’s dispute settlement function is paralyzed since 2019. The WTO has faced a crisis in recent years, and the trade legislation has stagnated. The dispute settlement body was also blocked due to U.S. interference, which led to the failure of the appellate body’s members to be selected. The data has been gathered for this descriptive study using secondary research method, including different newspaper articles and the internet, which were outlined and noted. This paper presents and evaluates several existing proposals on how to get out of the impasse. This paper points out whether the existing WTO members can choose to join or not participate in establishing a new appellate body. On this basis, it makes its own relatively unique proposal, namely, to establish a substantial dispute settlement mechanism outside the WTO, parallel to the existing dispute settlement mechanism, and it demonstrates the legal feasibility of the proposal. Immediately, the states should begin negotiations on the significant agreements required for this new appellate body. It will effectively solve the deadlock in the dispute settlement mechanism caused by the United States, blocking the appointment of members of the appellate body. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/407 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.5 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 50-62 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/407/197 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Asif Khan, Ximei Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/409 2022-11-23T20:53:33Z jhsms:ART driver

Psychological impacts of Sufism in 21st Century in Pakistan Saeed, Bareera Hasan, Syeda Salma Ajmal, Muhammad Asir Sufism Psychological Impacts 21st Century Pakistan Qualitative study Sufism is an esoteric school of Islam that developed in the early era of Islamic history, even during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad, with the objective of spiritual instruction and self-purification. This study examined the impact of Sufism in our society in present days qualitative study design was used and Grounded Theory (GT) was used for coding the data and developing the therapeutic model. Focus group discussion was used to gather information about how Sufism has psychological impacts in our daily routine matters and how much Sufism is embedded in our society. Focus group was conducted on four students of B.A/ B.Sc. (Hons.) final semester and four scholarly teacher of Government College University Lahore who have knowledge about Sufism and also personally experience the impacts of Sufism. Theoretical model which developed by using GT method is identified the social, psychological, spiritual and political impact of Sufism on Pakistani society in 21st century. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/409 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.4 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 38-49 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/409/196 Copyright (c) 2021 Bareera Saeed, Dr. Syeda Salma Hassan, Dr Muhammad Asir Ajmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/435 2024-05-18T15:50:44Z jhsms:ART driver

Access to Justice: Comparative study of formal and informal dispute resolution mechanisms in district Swat, Pakistan Ullah, Irfan Khan, Muhammad Adeel governance justice informal justice formal justice dispute resolution alternative dispute conflict resolution jirga police courts Political Science Peace and Conflict Studies Effective provision of justice remains essential for preventing wartime grievances into feuds and mass conflict in strengthening the state and improving accountability. It can lead to quick and cheaper resolution of disputes. This research focuses on evaluating the informal system of governance and justice delivery system in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It evaluated the institutions of justice delivery (both formal and informal) in terms of structure, functions, and efficiency. The study reveals that informal mechanisms of dispute resolution is still preferred at large, despite the availability of formal institutions for this purpose. Majority of the respondents showed distrust on the formal institutions of justice delivery and dispute resolution across the sample population. This mistrust has been related to the ineffectiveness in terms of lengthy process of handling disputes of various types and the involved financial cost. Shariah and custom remained the preferred type of law to be adopted as compared to state law/statute for dispute resolution. The study concludes that state institutions of justice delivery and dispute resolution should work in collaboration with the informal institutions for effective provision of dispute resolution and justice delivery. A mixed method approach of depth interviews focus group and household survey is employed for collecting primary data. IDEA-PRCS 2021-10-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/435 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.8 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 99-118 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/435/233 Swat, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Adeel Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/437 2023-11-11T17:50:17Z jhsms:ART driver

Portrayal of civil and military leadership of Pakistan: Content analysis of Newspapers of UK and USA during PPP regimes Ali, Shahzad Safwan, Ahmer Bhutta, Muhammad Makkey civilian leadership military leadership Pakistan UK USA PPP Benazir Bhutto Asif Ali Zardari media representation framing content public opinion Communication Studies Media Studies Journalism Civil and military leadership of Pakistan have always played tremendous role in formulating and executing different policies regarding every issue of state. The significance of mainstream print media cannot be neglected as it forms public option regarding civil and military institutions in all countries. Therefore, the research has been designed to analyse portrayal of Pakistani civil and military leadership by four newspapers of the UK and the USA (Telegraph, Guardian, New York Times & Washington Post) during tenures of PPP (1995-1996 & 2008-2013). Quantitative content analysis has been adapted as research methodology to analyse features/articles, editorials and news stories in 9 major categories and 13 sub-categories with total 4053 published items in domain of civil & military leadership of Pakistan regarding different issues of the tenures of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Findings have divulged that British and American newspapers covered news stories against of military leadership of Pakistan especially in category of terrorism while greater pro-civilian coverage has been found in comparison of pro- military coverage in tenures PPP. Mr. Asif Ali Zardari has been covered with more negative representation before in power as compared to his regime as President of Pakistan. On the basis of cumulative representation in all categories, overall impression of Pakistan has been reflected negative and unfavourable in British and American print media. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/437 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.13 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 147-165 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/437/223 Pakistan; UK, USA Copyright (c) 2021 Shahzad Ali, Ahmer Safwan, Muhammad Makkey Bhutta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/442 2023-11-11T17:50:17Z jhsms:ART driver

War, refugees and regional implications: The impact of Afghan refugees on local society of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Khan, Asghar Khan, Irfan Khan, Noor Ullah Saur Revolution Afghan war Afghan refugees Soviet Union socio-economic impacts drugs crimes trade and commerce prices and wages Peace and Conflict Studies Political Science The migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan started in the wake of Saur (Red) Revolution in 1978, as a result of reforms introduced by the communist regime in Kabul, Afghanistan. However the large influx of refugees to Pakistan took place soon after the invasion of Soviet Union in 1979. Pakistan provided asylum for the approximately 4.2 million refugees. They were settled in 386 camps mostly in rural as well as in urban areas of the country. But the most populous province that has large number of Afghan refugees was Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (that time N.W.F.P), which has long border (Durand line) with Afghanistan, and also has cultural, religious, and linguistics ties. This large number of immigrants generated grave consequences for Pakistan, especially for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They have affected the socio-economic and political life of the province. The main objective of the study was to find out the socio-economic impact of Afghan Refugees living for more than three decades in the host society of KP.  An empirical and analytical methodological approach was adopted for this study. To conclude the findings, the research reveals that that Afghan Refugees have not only affected the social set-up but also the economy of the local host society by introducing various type of social evils like begging, drugs culture, Kalashnikov culture (AK-47), Galemjum culture (prostitution) and corruption. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/442 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.11 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 121-132 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/442/213 Pakistan; Afghanistan Copyright (c) 2021 Asghar Khan, Irfan Khan, Noor Ullah Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/443 2022-11-23T20:53:33Z jhsms:ART driver

Impact of Hydro-Politics and Kashmir issue on bilateral relations of India and Pakistan Hussain, Sajjad Faheem, Farrukh Islam, Saif Ul South Asia India Pakistan Kashmir river’s water hydro-politics interstate river resources conflict resolution International Relation Politics Political Science This study primarily focuses on developing an exclusive model, generally explaining the importance of international rivers in the relationships of the nations and particularly interlinked conflict over Kashmir and the Indus River. Conflict is a fact among nations caused because of disputed lands or un-decided borders linked to valuable resources or due to political and ideological differences. Historical differences between Pakistan and India especially about water distributions can leads them towards war. So far, they had fought three wars due to Kashmir's un-resolved issue and an upcoming one could be forecasted to control water resources originating from occupied Kashmir. According to the neo-realistic point of view, this study examines the conflicting interests among India and Pakistan, which are related to Kashmir, and claims that it is not just religious but also geographical as it is connected to the control of river waters. There is very limited significant research present that primarily focuses on this facet of India and Pakistan’s relations. The current literature expresses their conflict as of ideological, cultural, and political nature. This model-based research addresses the relationship of water and other related sources to war and peace through a rational research method demonstrated by broadly observed data. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/443 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.17 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 200-213 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/443/250 India, Pakistan, Kashmir Copyright (c) 2021 Sajjad Hussain, Farrukh Faheem, Saif Ul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/445 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Analysis of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd political thoughts in the context Pakistani political system Abbasi, Muhammad Umar Riaz Al-Mawardi Ibn Rushd Islamic system Islamic laws Shari’ah political system Muslim World Pakistani system Islamic community Islamic Studies Muslim World Political Science This study was aimed to comparatively analyse the political thoughts of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd, and their possible implications in the current Pakistani political system. A qualitative method was chosen to conduct the study and they were collected from secondary sources. Besides, content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The role of politics considered a significant part of human’s life, since time immemorial. In terms of epistemological meaning, politics has a deep relation with power. Different kind of ordinances and law documents was collected related to public law in one place by Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd. No society, community, city, or even any country did not prevail, without an effective constitution or government structure. The famous scholar Ibn Rushd highlighted the political injustice and failure of the secular political laws which claimed to provide and established justice in the Islamic society. Muslims have bottomless faith in the political teachings of Islam taught by Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH), His companions to accomplish in their communities. Al-Marwardi and Ibn Rushd School of thought, was greatly focused on the teaching of Islam in the modern world. It was recommended that there is a need for the implementation of the Islamic laws and rules in the society, to meet the laws of Islam for the prosperity of the society. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/445 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.15 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 200-212 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/445/252 Muslim World, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Umar Riaz Abbasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/446 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

A feministic critique of Jamil Ahmed’s The Wandering Falcon Qasim, Zareena Iftikhar, Adeela Qasim, Asifa feminism women representation patriarchy Pakistani fiction power suppression violence feministic philosophical approach English English Literature The study investigates the novel The Wandering Falcon (2011) by Jamil Ahmad in the milieu of feminist approach. It qualitatively explores the text for the representation of women: the treatment of women by men, and their position in the patriarchal society. The novel is analysed by employing De-Beauvoir’s (1949) feministic philosophical approach in The Second Sex. This research explores the way power is exercised over women in the novel and the suppression of women by men plays as an instrument of transmission of customs and traditions.  This research is to explore the novel from a feministic perspective to unveil the hidden realities in the novel regarding women to find out what sort of oppression is faced by women in the novel and to explore the general problems of women in the novel. It is found that in the context of the novel, women are treated unjustly by men. They are deprived of their rights and are taken as commodities in the patriarchal society. Women are stereotypically presented as having no identity, no freedom, and no voice of their own. Being treated as objects and things to be traded by men, women in the novel are found facing domestic violence, sexual objectification, and extra judicial killings. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/446 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 1-12 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/446/203 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Zareena Qasim, Adeela Iftikhar, Asifa Qasim Awan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/447 2023-11-11T17:50:16Z jhsms:ART driver

Abrogation of Article 370 and 35-A, human rights situation in Indian occupied Kashmir and response options for Pakistan Khalid, Munazza Pakistan Kashmir India South Asia Jammu and Kashmir Constitution of India Article 370 Article 35A Peace in South Asia Indo-Pak wars human rights in Kashmir Political Science Peace and Conflict Studies South Asian Studies Kashmir issue is a bone of contention between India and Pakistan since independence. One limited and three full-fledged wars have been fought between India and Pakistan. On August 05, 2019, India unilaterally abrogated Article 370 and 35-A of the Indian Constitution and made Kashmir it is part. Pakistan is continuously raising voice for the Kashmir cause and is making efforts to end the miseries of the people of Kashmir. This article is qualitative research in which a deductive methodology was adopted. Secondary data was used such as books, research articles, newspaper articles, reports, website articles and magazine articles. Descriptive and analytic technique is used. The findings show that abrogation of the two constitutional articles has severe consequences for South Asian strategic stability. Indian annexation of Indian held Jammu and Kashmir has resulted in human rights violations, killings, economic undermining, and social strangulation of the Kashmiri people. Pakistan needs to adopt different policy options provided in the article to resolve Kashmir issue because Kashmir is Pakistan’s jugular vein. Peace and stability in Kashmir will bring peace and stability in South Asia and the world at large. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/447 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.14 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 166-175 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/447/221 South Asia, Kashmir, India, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Munazza Khalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/449 2024-05-18T15:50:06Z jhsms:ART driver

Constitutional exceptions of right to speech: Evidence from the apex courts of Pakistan Javed, Kashif Jianxin, Li Khan, Asif constitution unqualified right limitations apex court superior court judicial precedents pre-condition Law Legal Studies Every right is subject to some correlated duty. The Constitution of Pakistan has envisaged certain limitations on the ultimate right to speech. Unqualified fundamental rights ought not to exist in a society. Freedom of speech is known as a pre-condition to all sorts of fundamental rights yet has certain limitations regarding its enjoyment. The restriction on the basic right to speech under the Constitution can be stated as the problem statement of this research. While unveiling the restrictions provided in the Constitution of Pakistan is the basic research question and the research objective is to find out the adequacy of restrictions regarding freedom of speech and draw an inference in the light of case laws. The following article’s qualitative research comprises a case law study that elaborates judicial precedents regarding limitations on freedom of speech. This research article emphasizes that the right of freedom of speech must prevail in all the circumstances, yet the citizens are also accountable and have to face the music otherwise. On the other hand, the court must remain impartial while interpreting the Constitution with the prudent mind in a broader spectrum. The theory of necessity must be buried under the deep layers of earth. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/449 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.7 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 72-84 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/449/199 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Kashif Javed, Li Jianxin, Asif Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/450 2024-05-18T15:49:24Z jhsms:ART driver

The role of superior judiciary in protecting its independence: A case study of judicial legitimization of military regimes in Pakistan Badshah, Niaz Kelsen’s Theory doctrine of necessity judicial judgments military regimes martial law extra-constitutional moves independence of judiciary Political Science Law Pakistan has faced four military coups, three out of it were not declared illegitimate by supreme judiciary for the removal of civilian governments. On the contrary, the doctrine of necessity became the quoted terms as causes of accepting those extra-constitutional moves. While adjudicating these cases, military establishment either used their institutional influence or manured the judiciary to take afresh oath of allegiance of military rulers under provisional or interim constitutional orders. Thus, the cases before these judges were just hoodwinking or a lip service of endorsing and affixing a stamp of validity. Moreover, superior judiciary had authorized military rulers to amend the constitutions, which is sole prerogative of parliament as per constitutions of the time. Thus, superior judiciary was unable to stand in front of power dynamics, except in the case of Asma Gillani vs Federation of Pakistan, but its decision was adjudicated, when General Yahya Khan was not in power. While applying heterogeneous sampling technique, the study has attempted to accumulate a variety of expert opinions on the role and independence of judiciary vis-a-vis the military regimes. The findings show that decisions of superior courts, to assure smooth running of the country, sacrificed the spirit of the constitutions. Apex court’s decisions only tried to maintain the status quo and to pave the way to let the new system run. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/450 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.6 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 65-76 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/450/222 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Niaz Badshah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/452 2023-11-11T17:50:17Z jhsms:ART driver

The Utopian concept of free state in Gerald Vizenor’s The Heirs of Columbus: An anarchist study Khan, Fayaz Turkey, Amir Ashraf, Sehrish Red-Indians marginalized community survival anarchist spirit moccasin games free state survivance communist state English English Literature The present research aims to explore the struggle of the marginalized community for a free nation, where individuals try to regain their culture. Gerald Vizenor’s The Heirs of Columbus has depicted their longing for survival and cultural liberty. Vizenor has tried to regain the voices of the Native people through trickster stories because these stories have a healing power. The analysis shows that Red-Indians in the late fifteen century were never uncivilized as portrayed by the Western historians and the protagonist resisted for the survival of their unique civilizations. The present research has highlighted that how anarchist spirit stimulated a nation to reclaim their lost culture and identity. Their resistance through anarchist principles leads them towards getting a free state, where every individual try to preserve their culture through trickster stories and moccasin games. The tribal people wanted to represent this state as an anarchist Communist state, where there will be no property and land theft. The people will be free from the burden of taxes and prisons. The study concludes with the suggestion to resist power with anarchist spirit of survivance. Future researches are suggested to focus on the theme of marginalization and its strategies in the present novel. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/452 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.9 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 95-107 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/452/201 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Fayaz Khan, Amir Turkey, Sehrish Ashraf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/453 2024-05-18T15:48:33Z jhsms:ART driver

Professionals unprepared: A critical appraisal of social work practice at the Drugs Abuse Rehabilitation Centres in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Ahmad, Shakeel Bano, Abida social work philanthropy medical social work indigenous Drug Addicts Treatment Centres Medical Social Workers drug addicts social workers indigenous philanthropy Social Work Sociology Criminology Social work is a practice-based profession that facilitates, enables, and rehabilitates the neglected segments of society facing various issues, including substance abuse. However, social workers' efficiency in substance use rehabilitation is constrained by several factors. Pakistan follows the imported theoretical models of social work, which face enormous challenges during implementation for lacking contextual understanding. This study examines professional social workers' role to examine the challenges in providing institutional service delivery in substance (drugs) abuse treatment centres in Pakistan. The study found that the social work theory and practice gap hurts services delivery in Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Centres through qualitative approaches. Training in social work theory does not adequately equip the students to provide the required social services at the drugs rehabilitation centres. Donor-driven social work drives and demotivated social workers testify to the mismatch between social work theory and practice. Indigenous philanthropy models and broadening institutional support could remedy the situation. IDEA-PRCS 2021-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/453 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.10 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 108-120 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/453/202 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Shakeel Ahmad, Abida Bano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/455 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Role of religion in American politics: An analysis of the influence of Evangelical Church in Israeli Palestinian conflict Muhammad, Fida Khan, Muhammad Ayaz Islam, Saif Ul United States foreign policy Middle East Christian Zionism Christian right religion and peace apocalypse dispensationalism evangelicals Political Science International Relations The politics of the Holy land is of crucial importance to the followers of the three Abrahamic religions in terms of religious beliefs, which metamorphosed into military and political significance in the 20th Century. The United States (U.S) support for Israel is especially visible during the republican presidencies. The U.S had five republican presidents from 1980 to 2020, and their evangelical beliefs shaped American foreign policy toward this region, a policy that may loosely be termed as affected by Christian Zionism, which was originally a 16th Century religious Puritan movement, who latter shaped into Christian political movement. U.S Christian Zionism reiterates favourable images of Jews and is pessimistic about peace in Holy land.  Christian Zionists believe Lord has bestowed the land of Palestine to Jews and have held up this claim since the turn of the 20th Century. This paper first describes the fundamental nature of Christian Zionism, their view of the modern Israel and resultant political and military policies. This also focuses Christian Zionists support of republican presidents and specially President Trump relationship with Christian Zionism. The shifting of U.S embassy to Jerusalem, the formal approval to Jerusalem as the capital of Israel by President Trump are studied. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/455 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.12 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 168-180 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/455/246 United States, Middle East, Palestine, Israel Copyright (c) 2021 Fida Muhammad, Muhammad Ayaz Khan, Saif Ul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/458 2024-05-18T15:52:20Z jhsms:ART driver

A critical discourse analysis of the Pakistani newspaper headlines on the federal budget for FY 2021-2022 Arshad, Muhammad Khan, Nazish critical discourse analysis budget newspaper headlines Pakistani media budget politics media inclination media discourse language and ideology English This research study is based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of news headlines of different Urdu and English newspapers on the federal Pakistani budget for the fiscal year 2021-2022. This research is descriptive qualitative in its nature. Fairclough (1995a) model of three dimensions (text, discourse and social practice) was used to analyse text. 21 different headlines from renowned Pakistani national Urdu and English newspapers on June 12, 2021, were collected through purposive sampling techniques of data collection. The study highlights the concealed ideology of newspaper editors who aims to arouse masses by using stirring vocabulary. The significance of this study lies in the vocabulary of news items of newspapers headlines which serve as an important medium of presenting ideologies. Thematic and the linguistic analysis of newspaper headlines highlight those newspapers are concealed with important orientations for readers. The study draws the conclusion that news headlines represent editors’ ideologies on their political inclinations and alignment in spite of their claim to be impartial. The newspaper editors exploit headlines to form a way of thinking on issues of national concern to achieve their political interests. IDEA-PRCS 2021-10-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/458 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.15 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 176-186 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/458/227 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Arshad, Nazish Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/468 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Kashmir dispute: Emerging complexities after abrogation of Article 370 Ali, Rizwan Mustafa, Usman India Pakistan relations Article 370 UN Resolutions Kashmir dispute Insurgency in Kashmir Complex interdependence Indo-Pak cooperation Political Science International Relations Kashmir dispute is one of the contentious issues between India and Pakistan since their inception as independent states in 1947. This paper addresses this dispute that how it has been a primary cause of contention between India and Pakistan. How is it a huge humanitarian crises in the South Asia and ultimately the cause of a bulk of defence expenditures by India and Pakistan. Nonetheless, both the countries realize that the problem of Kashmir can and should be resolved through peaceful negotiations to reach a non-military solution. Both the states continue giving it a central importance in their internal and external policies. This resultant peaceful cooperation between the two nuclear powers is a central part of complex interdependence theory, which is used in this paper for analysing the issue. Thus, the paper investigates the Kashmir conflict and the cooperation between India and Pakistan to seek a peaceful resolution. The paper qualitatively assesses the situation emerged in the Kashmir after the abolishment of Article 370, for which some key people are interviewed. The findings show that the unilateral abrogation of the article 370 by the Modi government that changed the status of Kashmir further intensified the conflict and undermined the peaceful efforts made so far. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/468 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.2 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 13-25 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/468/205 India, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Rizwan Ali, Usman Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/469 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Kinship and emergence of political leaders in Pakhtun society: A comparison of ANP and JUI-F in electoral politics in Charsadda, Pakistan Hassan, Mubasher Taieb, Mohammad kinship political leaders electoral politics micro politics internal immigrants neighbourhood secular political party religious political party Social Anthropology Anthropology The purpose of this paper is to describe kinship system and its relationship with the emergence of political leaders in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study elaborates the role of kinship in the emergence of leaders at micro levels i.e., Village Council, Union Council, Tehsil Council and District Council. The study analyses the impact of kinship in the electoral politics of Awami National Party (ANP) and Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F). The ANP leaders and followers are mostly the local inhabitants of Charsadda having large number of kin members. While on the other hand, the JUI-F leaders and followers are mostly immigrants of the other districts of KP having limited number of kin members in tehsil Charsadda. However, at micro level both the parties’ leaders and their family members attempt to make fusion against the distant relatives in order to win the election. This paper describes that how the number of kin members directly affects the victory and defeat of ANP and JUI-F? This study argues that kinship and neighbourhood have significant impact in the emergence of leaders at micro level. Qualitative research method was used and the tools for data collection were participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/469 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.3 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 26-41 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/469/206 Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Mubasher Hassan, Mohammad Taieb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/470 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Religion, community resilience and countering violent extremism in Dir Valley, Pakistan Ahmed, Shakeel Sajid, Imran Ahmad Butt, Beenish Ijaz Religious Leaders Violence Extremism Community Resilience Dir Valley TTP TNSM CVE Swat community religious leaders community engagement violent extremism community resilience radicalisation Religion and violence Peace & Conflict Studies Social Work The post 9/11 terrorism and subsequent wave of violent extremism has generated a significant interest in the role of religion in both peace and conflict. Religion is a significant part of the lives of a significant majority the global population. This realization has led policy makers to seek ways in which religious leaders can and had impacted the community resilience towards violent extremism. Swat and Dir valleys have seen the brunt of violent extremism in the recent past. This extremism was generated and exploited by a few religiously motivated violent organizations. However, we believe there were religious leaders who opposed this surge of violent extremism in those specific communities. This research aims at finding out whether religious leaders mobilized the communities for countering violent extremism. In order to do that, a quantitative survey was designed whereby a community perception was measured. The data was collected from 180 respondents from both the districts of Dir valley, i.e., lower Dir and upper Dir. Our data shows that religious leaders played some role in building community resilience. In terms of bonding, they played a significant role. In terms of bridging, they also played a significant role. However, in terms of linking, the religious leaders played a little role. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/470 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.16 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 213-227 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/470/254 Dir, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Shakeel Ahmed, Imran Ahmad Sajid, Beenish Ijaz Butt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/471 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

The emergence of Gandhara Civilization: A Politico-historical discourse Ahmad, Nadim Rehman, Aziz Ur Mauryan region Ancient history Empire Persians Cyrus Greeks Alexander Gandhara Monarchy Kingdoms Political Science This paper aims at to investigate the ancient regional political history (600-180 BCE), which seems the foundation of Gandhara Civilization that emerged in the Northwest of the Indian subcontinent. The evolution of Gandhara Civilization and emergence of ancient regional political history deem consolidated. In this paper, it would be endeavoured to address the emergence of ancient regional political history that paved the way for a great civilization. The employed design to address the question is historical and qualitative. For the collection and analysis of the data, the qualitative historical approach is adopted. The edifice of present work is mainly erected on the archival sources, reputed journals, historical literature and version of prominent scholars associated to the field. Gandhara possessed a decent political exposition during its early phase. It remained an empire during Pakosati, a federating unit during Persian, independent kingdoms during the invasion of Alexander and remained central part of Mauryan Empire. The emergence of Gandhara is the exposition of politico-historical discourse of the region, which is the foundation of Gandhara Civilization. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/471 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.4 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 42-54 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/471/214 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Nadeem Ahmad, Aziz Ur Rehman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/473 2024-05-18T15:54:21Z jhsms:ART driver

Using service-learning approach for promoting higher order thinking skills among Pakistani pre-service teachers Saeed, Muhammad Ahmed, Iqbal service-learning higher-order thinking higher education pre-service teachers thinking skills higher education integrated approach active learning real word application Pakistan Sociology Education Service learning Modern educational pedagogies emphasize that teaching and learning frameworks should be designed to promote essential skills among students and develop their higher order thinking skills and the real-world application of those skills. In this milieu, service-learning is an emerging approach in education that best meets this need. Although much work exists on service-learning in developing students' social, moral, and citizenship potential, there is a lack of research that highlights the role of service-learning and its potential to promote high order thinking skills among pre-service teachers. This study attempts to extensively examine the role of service-learning in promoting high-order thinking skills among pre-service teachers. For this purpose, an integrated approach of Queensland University's higher order thinking guidelines was compared and contrasted as a framework with service-learning approach. The analysis and literature review showed that said the guidelines can be adopted using service-learning approach to promote higher order thinking skills of pre-service teachers. Therefore, the framework is proposed to be integrated into a service-learning course in higher education. The guidelines provide a five steps process for developing higher order thinking skills among teacher education students. The study results provide teacher educators with more practical ways to implement a more active and purposeful teaching and learning environment that encourages higher order thinking among pre-service teachers. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/473 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.16 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): January-June 2021; 187-199 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/473/241 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Saeed, Iqbal Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/475 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

India-US space cooperation: Implications for the South Asian strategic stability Khalid, Munazza South Asia Strategic Stability Indian space capability aeronautics and space administration missile technology Chinese space rising NASA ISRO NSSP DTTI Pakistan International Relations Political Sciences Strategic Studies India and US are cooperating in outer space domain since 1963. They agreed on “Next Step in Space Partnership (NSSP) and Defence Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI)”. America is strengthening Indian space capabilities by easily providing access to military space technology because China is the common threat that prompted them to cooperate. India became member of different export control regimes such as Missile Technology Control Regimes, Wassenaar Arrangements, and Strategic Trade Authorization Act-1. India-US Basic Exchange Cooperation Agreements and Indian membership of export control regimes are evident of the fact that India will become space hegemon in imminent future. India and US are having space cooperation to counter Chinese space rising posture, but it is also threatening space capabilities of Pakistan. Indian enhanced space capabilities and space situational awareness/intelligence prompted it to launch pre-emptive strike against Pakistan. This India-US space cooperation is having negative implications for South Asian strategic stability and resulted into exacerbating an arm race in South Asia and prompting Pakistan to collaborate with China. The purpose of the study is to understand How USA is assisting India in its space program? Why is India cooperating with USA in space domain? What will be implications of India-US space cooperation for the South Asia region? This research is using qualitative, descriptive and analytical research methodology. IDEA-PRCS 2021-09-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/475 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.5 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 55-66 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/475/226 India; US; South Asia, Pakistan, China Copyright (c) 2021 Munazza Khalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/480 2024-05-18T15:55:05Z jhsms:ART driver

The gender difference in behaviour and intentions of households toward water saving practices in Katchi Abadis of Lahore, Pakistan Seemi Malik, Asma Mahmood, Amjad Katchi Abadis gendered perception water conservation water conservation behaviour water habits environment social norms water use water use and hurdles Gender Studies Sociology Water resources sustainability and conservation are crucial to controlling water scarcity in the world. This research examines the gendered perception of households in 12 Katchi Abadis of Lahore to conserve water by focusing on their habits, attitude, intention, norms, and behaviour. This is a qualitative research design with in-depth interviews as a method. Respondents were selected by adopting the purposive sampling technique. The debate revolves around the question: which one among men and women in the slum, will be responsible to show proper water managing intentions and behaviour? Is there any difference among men and women in slums on water-saving attitude, norms, intention, and behaviour? 24 face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with youths, adults, and elderly males and females. Thematic analysis was used for analysis. It was revealed that people in homes acknowledged the worth of water, but poverty, unemployment, and government unresponsive behaviour caused hindrance to efforts to save water. There is a long list of hurdles that retards the process to conserve water. This research recommended conducting studies on the practices of water in households with actual measurements, not only for self-reported data, but it should also assess, and observe actions of individuals towards the environment. IDEA-PRCS 2021-10-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/480 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.7 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 77-98 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/480/230 Lahore, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Asma Seemi Malik, Amjad Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/483 2024-10-23T16:11:45Z jhsms:ART driver

Comparative study on the impact of individual and institutional ownership on firm performance: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange Ali, Muhammad Sadil Riaz, Lubna Anis, Wasif firm performance institutional ownership individual ownership financial leverage firm size non-financial companies random effects model Management Science Finance The study aims to examine the relationship between individual ownership, institutional ownership and firm performance. Further it comparatively analyses the impact of both institutional and individual ownership on firm performance. For this purpose, data have been collected from 64 firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period of 10 years (2011 - 2020). Random effects model has been employed to test the research hypotheses. This study compares the effect of individual and institutional ownership on firm performance. Result of the study shows that both institutional and individual ownership significantly affect firm performance. However, the degree of the effect is different for both individual and institutional investors. The institutional ownership influences the firm performance twice than the individual investors influence the performance. The results also reveal that the firm performance is positively associated with the firm size while negatively related with the financial leverage. Findings of the study are important for shareholders, managers, academicians and decision makers. They can use information to frame investors’ friendly policies and guide shareholders in taking right financial decisions. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/483 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.11 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 150-167 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/483/245 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Sadil Ali, Lubna Riaz, Wasif Anis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/502 2024-05-18T15:55:58Z jhsms:ART driver

Significance of the media landscape in raising various social issues in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan Chaudhary, Muhammad Umair Abdullah, Nauman Ahmad media media landscape social issues social awareness urban areas urbanized communities metropolitan areas Mass Communication Media Studies Journalism The present study aims to analyse the significance of the media landscape in raising various social issues in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan. The present study will discuss how the media landscape helps in disseminating social awareness messages to urbanized communities, and that leads to evolving information and relationships between a social setup. For said purpose, the quantitative research method was used by the researchers to get the results. A questionnaire was devised to undertake the survey. Through stratified random sampling technique, a sample size of 250 respondents was selected from public and private sector universities of Lahore. According to the results, media have a vital part in each community's social development. People who live in urban regions are thought to be more technologically advanced than those who live in rural ones. The media landscape in metropolitan areas is the primary source of their information and awareness. The survey results also indicate that media is playing an important role to highlight various social issues being faced by the urban population of Lahore city; these issues include health, education, terrorism, and poverty. IDEA-PRCS 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/502 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.14 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 189-199 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/502/251 Lahore, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Umair Chaudhary; Nauman Ahmad Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/515 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Moderating influence of social support on the relationship of workplace loneliness and well-being of employees with special needs in Pakistan Ramzan, Mehwash Mukarram, Sana Mukarram, Aleena Naveed, Shaheryar Covid-19 social isolation lockdown psychological stress accessibility managers perceived social support Management Science Human Resource Management Workplace Loneliness is a process, which begins with the psychological requirement of belongingness, and exposes on the reality of social relations within the organizations. This research finds out the impact of workplace loneliness of employees with special needs on their psychological well-being with moderating impact of perceived social support from co-workers and managers. For this purpose, 120 employees with special needs working on managerial role, belonging from public (37%), private (32%), and non-governmental (32%) sectors participated as respondents of the questionnaire-based survey, which was developed on a website according to international accessibility standards. The data was collected by circulating it through multiple social media platforms. The analysis of collected data was performed in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics. Results are clearly showing that social support is an important factor in reducing workplace loneliness and in increasing the well-being of employees with special needs. Therefore, these special employees must be treated as differently abled bodies instead of disabled ones. Hindrances including Covid-19 and software inaccessibility were also faced during the whole process. On the basis of this study, future researchers can research further about type of social support that should be provided on workplace to employees with special needs. IDEA-PRCS 2021-11-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/515 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.10 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 131-149 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/515/243 Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Mehwash Ramzan, Sana Mukarram, Aleena Mukarram, Dr. Shaheryar Naveed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/528 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

Real, compared to what? Insertability of constrained realemes in Dave Eggers’ What is the What Khan, Muhammad Uzair Khan, Saleem Akhtar fiction history insertability constrained realemes 9/11 postmodern aesthetics poetics hermeneutics English Literature The paper examines Eggers’ What is the What (2006) that has problematically been called an autobiographical novel and memoire, narrating Valentino’s chequered past as one of Sudanese Lost Boys. The text yields potential perspectives that demand scrutiny for understanding of the fascinating reciprocity between fictionality and historicity. The article engages theorizations of the complex coalescence offered by Zohar (1980) and McHale (1987) to benchmark the thematic dimensions of the selected text against the cutting-edge postulates. In addition, Valentino’s preface to the “novel”, engaging with the purpose of his collaborative working with Eggers, and Eggers’ essay “It was just boys walking” (2004), negotiating the genesis of the project, have also been used as a methodological touchstone. The analysis vindicates the correspondence between the fictional and the historical versions, albeit the author has fictionalized gaps of Valentino’s historicized life. Thus, Eggers’ text consummates blurring by encompassing both the thematic dimensions, fusing fiction and fact, and the structural schemas, mixing the techniques of different genre traditions, inasmuch as his work exhibits a hermeneutic playfulness found at the heart of the aesthetics of postmodern and 9/11 fiction. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/528 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.18 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 240-254 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/528/260 Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Uzair Khan, Saleem Akhtar Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/530 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Imperfections in syllabus designing of English course at the primary level of education in Pakistan: an obstacle in attaining language proficiency Zahid, Zohaib Shafqat, Asmara English language syllabus designing education policy primary education textbooks public schools curriculum of English functional based syllabus Linguistics English Linguistics English Applied Linguistics The syllabus of English that has been adopted in public and private schools in Pakistan does not meet the criteria to achieve the targets. It has been revised at some point of times, but the problems persist and impede the students' learning performance, but the problems persist and impede the students' learning performance. The syllabus designers have developed it without considering the needs of the students and the instructors' abilities. The researcher has focused on evaluating the imperfection in syllabus designing that hampers learner to learn and instructors to teach. The objectives of this study are understanding, evaluation, and development of syllabus in English language skills. This study has been conducted at the primary school level to understand the learners' problems at an initial level. The selected material for analysis is the textbook of English taught at grade 1 in public schools of Pakistan. The analysis of the contents of the textbook syllabus would enable the researchers to develop a hypothesis to remove all the flaws from the syllabus of English textbooks. The questions of syllabus designing at the initial level, the contents of the syllabus, and to develop a functional-based syllabus have been addressed in this research. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/530 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.22 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 312-321 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/530/294 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Zohaib Zahid, Asmara Shafqat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/555 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Nationalism and production of precarious life: an anarchist critique of Island of a Thousand Mirrors Malik, Shaista Ahmad, Nighat anarchism state racism genocidal violence precarious life nationalism grievability construction of hatred grievable death derealisation English English Literature Literature Following Anarchist theorist Rudolf Rocker, the current paper strives to see the role of state racism in perpetrating violence as depicted in Island of a Thousand Mirrors by Nayomi Munaveera. The paper argues that state racism by majoritarian Sinhala elite defines a reductive notion of nationalism which inseminates genocidal violence against the minority community. This nationalism, providing normative definition of human dictates which lives are considered worthy and must be protected by bringing all apparatuses of state in action and which lives must be subjected to extinction by using the monopoly of state violence. The paper further intends to seek the nexus between nationalism and the patterns that it devises to subject ethnic minorities’ lives to precariousness. It further seeks to explore that the retributory forces replicate instead of eradicating violence. The paper further argues that nationalism not only defines worthy lives, it, also, provides a cultural frame for defining grievable death thus subjecting minorities to the violence of derealisation. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/555 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.32 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 457-476 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/555/311 Copyright (c) 2022 Shaista Malik, Dr. Nighat Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/559 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Way forward for post pandemic online teaching: A case of higher education in Pakistan Thomas, Martin Khan, Ammar Husnain Ahmad, Nazir online learning online learning modality perceived usefulness of education perceived ease of technology use Education This small-scale research was conducted to propose a way forward for the post pandemic online teaching in universities of Sindh. Data from 15 university representatives were gathered to identify issues and best practices concerning online teaching and learning in higher education settings of Sindh, Pakistan during the spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic.  The data revealed that universities in Sindh face student related, instructor related and online interaction related issues to a significant level while adopting the online teaching modality. The data revealed that universities resolve issues in an ad hoc manner. Therefore, Anderson’s online learning model was adapted and proposed for universities to manage online teaching and resolve issues concerning them. The paper also proposes a conceptual framework developed on the theory of reasoned action and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to be adopted for future researcher to further inquire the effect of instructors’ perceived usefulness of online teaching and their perceived ease of technology use on instructors’ attitudes towards online teaching and their adoption of online teaching. IDEA-PRCS 2022-01-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/559 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 1-15 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/559/267 Sindh, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Martin Thomas, Ammar Husnain Khan, Nazir Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/570 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Sinophobia in the semiotic representation of Covid-19 in English language newspapers Nabi, Shahzad Sinophobia Covid-19 Semiotics English Language Newspapers Discourse fear Language Journalism Media Studies Linguistics This study examines use of semiotic resources, deployed by selected English language newspapers to describe a discourse of Sinophobia in the first wave of Covid-19. It explores how was the discourse of Sinophobia (anti-Chinese sentiments) expressed by highly circulated English language newspapers in the world? The data was based on 10 editorial articles of four English language newspapers: “The New York Times, The Guardian, The Tribune, and The Japan Times”. In addition, 30 participants’ perceptions about the semiotic choices used by these newspapers were studied to support the findings from selected editorials. Public comments were taken on the notion that they should talk about China and the role of Chinese people in spreading Covid-19. The data was interpreted through thematic analysis by codifying the emerging discursive themes. The findings reveal that semiotic resources deployed by the selected English language newspapers created a discourse of Sinophobia as the data laid great stress on the emergence of virus in the City of Wuhan, China. Moreover, the use of semiotic resources by the English language newspapers is replicated by the participants, as the language of the newspapers and participants on these semiotic resources surface positive self-claim and negative out-group. They divide between them and us, have and have not, eventually widened the language of fear, panic, and hatred. IDEA-PRCS 2022-02-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/570 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.5 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 57-70 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/570/275 China, Japan, US, UK Copyright (c) 2022 Shahzad Nabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/577 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

A descriptive study of Pahari verb morphology Khalique, Shahida Bukhari, Nadeem Haider Jabeen, Tahira Khawaja , Ambreen Pahari verb descriptive linguistics morpho-syntactic causative conjunct infinitive participle suffixation English Linguistics This work is an attempt to present a descriptive analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of Pahari verbs. The study identifies that the verbal forms in Pahari are regular and inflect for tense, mood, aspect, gender, and number. Majority of the verb roots in Pahari are intransitive. Transitive verbs in Pahari are formed from the Intransitive verb root through vowel modification and affixation.  Causative verbs in Pahari can be derived through vowel modification and suffixation. Indirect causatives formation is a two-step process. First, the direct causatives are formed from the intransitive verbal root and then the indirect causative verbs are formed from these direct causative verbal roots simply by adding the suffix /a:/. Suffixation is the most common process for the derivation of direct causatives. The infinitive suffix /na/ is added to a verb root to form infinitives in Pahari. Furthermore, Pahari verb morphology indicates the use of three participles: perfective, imperfective and conjunctive. These participles function either as adverbs or adjectives. Pahari Double verbs are formed by combining an inflected verb with a non-inflected verb while conjunct verbs consist of two words: an inflected verb with another word-either a noun or an adjective. IDEA-PRCS 2022-03-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/577 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.8 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 100-116 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/577/278 Copyright (c) 2022 Shahida Khalique, Nadeem Haider Bukhari, Tahira Jabeen , Ambreen Khawaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/584 2023-06-04T12:44:15Z jhsms:ART driver

Factors limiting optimal students’ engagement on Social Media: A study of Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan Mehmood, Muhammad Awais Janjua, Qaiser Rashid Saeed, Muhammad Ali Samdani, Hina social media social media marketing higher education institutes customer engagement connection interaction loyalty advocacy Netnography Marketing Studies Media Studies Communication Studies Limited research on Social Media (SM) marketing by Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) primarily focuses on understanding important practices followed to enhance students’ engagement on SM or its association with different branding constructs. However, there is dearth of research that can guide regarding practices negatively influencing SM based communication between HEIs and Students. This research explores these limiting factors affecting optimal students’ engagement on SM. A qualitative exploratory research methodology was adopted based on in-depth interviews and Netnography. 25 interviews were conducted and 6 months content analysis of Facebook account of selected HEIs was carried out for Netnography. The findings revealed different content and non-content factors negatively influencing students’ engagement on SM. Content related factors included poor design of SM content, lack of informality, inconsistent content posting and content posting during office hours. Whereas non-content related factors include selective platform presence, selective response to students' queries, fearful attitude towards official SM and absence of incentives for students to engage on SM. All these factors are believed to affect different stages of Customer Engagement including Connection, Interaction, Loyalty and Advocacy. Findings of this study have enabled gaining empirical knowledge regarding negative practices on SM, highlighted above, that shall be avoided to attain optimal results for SM marketing communication and learning how these practices affect different stages of students’ engagement on SM. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/584 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.21 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 285-301 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/584/264 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Awais Mehmood, Qaiser Rashid Janjua, Muhammad Ali Saeed, Hina Samdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/589 2024-05-18T16:11:13Z jhsms:ART driver

Exploring the discourse of National Islam and Foreign Islam in the Australian press: A critical discourse analysis Ghauri, Muhammad Junaid Haq, Amrat Alam, Riffat National Islam Foreign Islam Critical discourse analysis ideological square lexicalization representation Mass COmmunication Media Studies Journalism Political Islam Research conducted in some European countries and in the US has evidenced that there is a considerable difference in the media coverage of the National/Internal and Foreign/External Islam. Wherein, the latter is viewed and portrayed as a ‘greater threat’ to the mainstream society. This research endeavour is an effort to explore the predominant themes associated with the Foreign/External Islam in the editorials of the two selected Australian newspapers during January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017. The researcher has employed Tuen A. van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square and lexicalization strategies from the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) paradigm to examine the editorials of The Age and The Australian. The research findings are evident that in the coverage of the Foreign Islam both the selected newspapers have associated ‘conflict’, ‘violence’ and ‘collectivism’ with Islam and Muslims, however The Australian highlighted ‘women underrepresentation’ also. While covering the National Islam, The Age highlighted the ‘victimization’ and ‘prejudice’ to Muslims in Australia and stressed on the need of ‘understanding’, ‘harmony’ and ‘cohesion’. However, in The Australian the National Islam also received the same treatment as did the Foreign Islam in terms of themes. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/589 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.22 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 302-317 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/589/265 Australia Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Junaid Ghauri, Amrat Haq, Riffat Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/594 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Narratology and character functions of Sohni Mahiwal: An actantial analysis Qasim, Zareena Qasim, Asifa folk tale actantial model structure function content social norms narratives actant classes didactic function Linguistics The study analyses Sohni Mahiwal, the renowned Punjabi folktale, by applying Greimas Actantial model for structural analysis. The purpose of this study is to explore the narrative structure and discover the character functions based on the model. Folktales are considered the simplest and oldest form of stories embedded in the local cultures. They broadly refer to orally transmitted, traditional narratives that carry cultural information. The findings show that all the major actantial categories proposed by Greimas such as subject, object, sender, receiver, helper, and opponent have been depicted in the selected folktale. The analysis revealed that many characters were found involved in several actant classes simultaneously. Structural analysis of the folktale uncovered two parallel acts/episodes. The parallelism in the contents of two acts of the tale serves a didactic function at the socio-cultural level besides entertaining the readers/ listeners proving the strength of true love. As far as the function is concerned, the tale successfully validates the culturally imparted message that the individuals who transgress the social norms are destined to perish. IDEA-PRCS 2022-04-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/594 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.11 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 154-168 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/594/282 Punjab, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Zareena Qasim, Asifa Qasim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/603 2024-09-19T18:40:17Z jhsms:ART driver

Water conflict between Pakistan and India: Implications to regional peace and security Munir, Kishwar Khalid, Iram Shahrukh, Muhammad Wajeeh Indus Water Treaty Indus Basin South Asian disputes ecosystem trans-boundary conflict river disputes water scarcity regional security Political Science Pakistan Affairs Pakistan and India are water stressed countries and the seed of water conflict between the two has been sowed by the Punjab boundary commission at the time of Partition. Trans-boundary water treaties have played a significant role in resolving the water disputes though the mechanism of conflict resolution varies and structurally fails to address the future problems that may arise. Indus Water Treaty (IWT) has been examined as an efficacious Model of conflict resolution and induced cooperation from 1960s to 1980s. Pakistan claimed that India is violating IWT by building dams and diverting waters of Western Rivers flowing from India to Pakistan. Therefore, the research attempts to answer the following questions. What is the cumulative effect of Indian dams being constructed on the Western Rivers? Can India Unilaterally withdraw the treaty? What would be the implications if India violates the treaty? Holistic content analysis of qualitative method and conflict theory has been used to investigate the water conflict between Pakistan and India. The key findings are that violation of treaty by India is perceived as security threat by Pakistan and also increase its economic concerns. The tension between the two neighbours over water sharing can lead to water war which poses serious threats to regional peace and security. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/603 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.19 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 255-270 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/603/262 Pakistan, India, South Asia Copyright (c) 2021 Kishwar Munir, Iram Khalid, Wajeeh Shahrukh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/612 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Factor analysis of teamwork skills and civic responsibility as outcomes of service-learning: perspectives of rural college students Saeed, Muhammad Ahmed, Iqbal Israr, Muhammad Service-learning civic responsibility teamwork college students factor analysis teamwork skills civic dispositions democratic process civic pedagogy Sociology Sociology of Education Creating better citizens is one of the significant goals of education. Educational policies of Pakistan also stress on civic development of students as one of its essential goals. However, scholars have shown concerns about Pakistani students’ poor civic sense and teamwork skills.  This current study aimed to examine the perspectives of local rural college students on civic responsibility and teamwork as outcomes of service-learning. Data were collected from 136 college students who participated in a service-learning project designed and implemented in Chitral Lower’s local college district. A questionnaire consisting of two scales: civic responsibility and teamwork, was used for data collection. The questionnaire was piloted before data collection. Experts checked content validity, and reliability was assessed by using Cronbach’s alpha. The principal component analysis technique was applied to analyse collected data with a principal component analysis approach. The results showed that respondents strongly agreed that service-learning significantly improved their sense of civic responsibility and teamwork skills. The results of this study extensively support the findings of previous research studies. However, it is suggested that the findings of this study may further be investigated in other contexts for a better understanding of the role of service-learning as civic and teamwork pedagogy. IDEA-PRCS 2022-04-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/612 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.10 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 138-153 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/612/280 Chitral, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Saeed, Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Israr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/614 2024-05-18T16:09:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Examining the framing patterns of environmental issues: Episodic and thematic analysis of Pakistani and British news stories Dar, Atiya Ali, Shahzad Bhutta, Muhammad Makkey Ali, Mohammad Irfan news media framing thematic news frames thematic & episodic news frames environmental issues Communication Studies Media Studies Journalism Practice and applicability of environmental journalism accelerate changes in environmental policy, foster environmental awareness amongst the public and encourage environmentalism in the society. Reporting news in episodic instead of thematic manner is imperative in altering the public narrative regarding environment as well as providing assistance for significant decision making, to concerned stakeholders for better policy formation. The comparative design of this study utilized quantitative content analysis to examines framing approach of Pakistani and British environmental news stories.  Using simple random sampling technique total (n=1139) environmental news stories analysed from all four newspapers since 2007 to 2016-time period. The findings indicate the contrast among four newspapers of two countries (Dawn & Nation) from Pakistani print media however (Guardian & Telegraph) from Great Britain identify the divergent framing characteristics of Pakistani and British environmental news stories with thematic and episodic preferences. Guardian and Telegraph framed thematic news stories focusing on structural attributions while Dawn and Nation news stories evoke individualistic attributions with episodic frames. In spite of media’s regular journalistic practice of featuring episodic news stories still communicators can shift their professional approach by learning the construction of persuasive thematic environmental news stories for bigger social change. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/614 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.20 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 271-285 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/614/263 Pakistan, United Kingdom Copyright (c) 2021 Atiya Dar, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Makkey Bhutta, Mohammad Irfan Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/616 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Women malnutrition’s socioeconomic factors and consequences: a case study of district Peshawar, Pakistan Babar, Rabail Anis, Wasif Fareed, Hafiza Dure Nayab Ullah, Sami Malnutrition women malnutrition factors of malnutrition consequences of malnutrition poverty and malnutrition Social work Behavior Studies Public Health The study was conducted in Peshawar district in order to find out the socio-economic causes of malnutrition among women. A descriptive type of study was conducted in the year 2020-2021. Data was collected from a sample of 393 from 5 different villages of Peshawar district. Sample size was selected by using the Yamane Formula. It was found that most of the women were married and had low level of education due to poverty. Most of the respondents were living in joint family system and were have economic reasons. 49.1% women had come across miscarriage and still births. 27.1% of the respondents were unaware of malnutrition as a serious health issue. 58.5% of the respondents were found with health issues diagnosed from year 24.7% were affected by malnutrition from different angles. 49.1% respondents were experiencing psychological issues due to malnutrition. More than 50% were having several health issues like high blood pressure, obesity, diabetics, eating disorder etc. 59.3% told that they were, or their families were facing economic issues which was the major cause of their malnutrition. 18.6% of the women were found that they were not eating enough meal, i.e., three times daily basis. IDEA-PRCS 2022-03-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/616 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.9 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 117-137 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/616/279 Peshawar, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Rabail Babar, Wasif Anis, Hafiza Dure Nayab Fareed, Sami Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/619 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Glocalism, disguised oppression and parochialism: a study of Karachi You’re Killing Me Zakki, Samar Nighat Ahmad Euro-American anchors globalization international division of labour division of labour native informant local under erasure restricted agency English Literature English Literature Underscoring concerns related to gender studies, postcolonialism, and glocalism, this paper presents a discussion about how local is being presented in chick lit by a Pakistani female author Imtiaz (2016) in her Anglophonic novel Karachi You’re Killing Me! Applying Dirlik’s (1997) theorization about global and local in The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism, where he asserts how the local gives an illusion of empowering the local, but in reality, local is viewed and presented in a parochial manner and put in a reductive category. The focus on the local, therefore, is a new gimmick of colonizers and imperialists. With this theoretical perspective, in this paper, it is argued that the representation of the locals in the novel is eclipsed by the colonial narrative. By underscoring negative aspects of local the writer seems to be performing the role of a native informant and is a re-endorsing colonial narrative about the orient. It is also argued that this local female author has been empowered to write but the agency she is granted is loaded because it is, in fact, quite restricted. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/619 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.24 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 336-350 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/619/296 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Samar Zakki, Nighat Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/624 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Conducting elections amid pandemics: lessons learnt from the United States and a way forward for Pakistan Khan, Jawaria Ansari, Surfaraz Hussain electoral system digital Pakistan election commission election management election management bodies online voting postal ballot Covid-19 electronic voting election survey Political Science Government Governance Public Policy Conducting general elections while the pandemic prevails is a huge upcoming challenge for all democracies. Issues and controversies of the 2020 US elections that were conducted amid pandemic are sufficient to alert the rest to take proactive preventive measures and fast track relevant policy adoption ahead of time. Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic on US General Elections 2020 were grave. From public opinion to election campaigning, from virtual rallies to the very act of voting itself, the virus upended the whole election process. Keeping in view the issues faced by the US, especially the controversy of use of postal ballots for vote, the study discusses policy guidelines and considerations that can help in developing a framework to adopt innovative and risk-free measures in conducting elections amid pandemics. Furthermore, it discusses a way forward for Pakistan in case the situation of Pandemic prevails. The study also includes opinions of electoral experts who have worked on electoral projects in Pakistan. In order to present the opinion of public, a survey has been included which depicts the choice of voters regarding use of alternate voting methods in future elections because voters’ trust in any new system is a key for successful policymaking. IDEA-PRCS 2022-04-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/624 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.13 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 187-203 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/624/285 Pakistan, United States Copyright (c) 2022 Jawaria Khan, Surfaraz Hussain Ansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/626 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Parallel structural patterns in internal linguistic systems of English: an integrated approach Ishtiaq, Muhammad Kamal, Zahid Iqbal, Sahibzada Wasim structural pattern binarity ordering constraints sub-categorical restriction integrated approach linguistic systems pedagogic approach English English Linguistics Linguistics This paper reviews the major parallel structural patterns common across all internal linguistic systems despite the fact that important differences exist between the different language systems besides similarities. However, the prevailing pedagogic approaches to treating these internal linguistic systems as mutually exclusive rather than complementary have highlighted the differences by bringing them to the fore and at the same time have obscured and ignored the essential similarities shared by them all. Drawing on Radford’s (2004) reflection that binarity is equally valid and applicable to the constituent structures of phonological and morphological systems and operations along with that of syntax, the present study extends certain other operations primarily discussed and analysed in terms of syntactic constituents to have been equal application and validity in other linguistic systems i.e., phonology, morphology, and lexicology. This study has concentrated on aspects of general structural patterns in three significant patterns such as ‘essential/non-essential dichotomy’, ‘ordering of elements in constituents at all levels, ‘subcategorization’ restrictions on elements of constituents at all levels. It has been concluded that all the features equally apply to all three internal linguistic systems. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/626 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.31 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 447-456 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/626/309 Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Ishtiaq, Zahid Kamal, Sahibzada Wasim Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/630 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

The dynamics of Pak-Afghan relations: an analysis of (mis)trust between the two countries from 2001-2018 Idrees, Muhammad Naazer, Manzoor Ahmad Durand Line Pakhtunistan Afghanistan Trade Transit Facility geographical contiguity anti-Jihadists Operation Enduring Freedom War on Terror Political Science International Relations Defence and Strategic Studies Peace and Conflict Studies Pakistan and Afghanistan share the contiguity of neighbourhood and bonds of Islam. Despite linguistic, cultural and traditional similarities, their relations have remained in a spin. Pakistan and Afghanistan are geographically so dependent on each other that the effects of war and peace could be felt on both sides of the borders. Many factors are involved in upsetting these relations: the hostility of Afghan rulers and their tilt towards India since Pakistan’s independence; Durand Line and Pakhtunistan issues and Pakistan's role during the Soviet-Afghan war (1979-1989) in supporting the Afghan Jihadists. Pak-Afghan relations remained exemplary during the Taliban rule (1996-2001). The paper explores: a) Pak-Afghan relations during President Hamid Karzai's rule; b) the relations under President Ashraf Ghani; c) India's role in sabotaging the relations; and d) Pakistan's efforts in Afghanistan’s rebuilding and reconstruction process. The study finds that the dynamics of relations in the post-9/11 era were not cordial and there was a great trust deficit between the two countries during different US-led regimes. The paper is based on historical legacies and an analytical understanding of them. The previous research on the subject did not fully explore the era between 2001-2018, which this study aims to fulfil. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/630 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.36 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 525-539 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/630/318 Pakistan, Afghanistan Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Idrees, Manzoor Ahmad Naazer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/647 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Blended Learning in ESL: Perceptions about paradigm shift in English Language Institutions of Punjab, Pakistan Siddiq, Sadaf Hussain, Riaz Blended Learning (BL) English as Second Language (ESL) English Language Teaching (ELT) hybrid learning learning perceptions English Language English English Linguistics Tremendous technological developments have revolutionized educational practices and experiences of English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers and learners at an unprecedented rate. One such educational development is termed as Blended Learning (BL). BL is the method of teaching and learning in which traditional place-based mode of instruction is combined with online teaching and learning. The online mode or environment of BL is not just asynchronous web-enhanced method of delivery of contents rather it also involves synchronous interactions between the teachers and learners via audio and/or video conferencing and cloud-based online meeting apps. Instruction, learning materials and assessment is accessible for learners in traditional face-to-face as well as in online environments. Present study aims to explore ESL learners’ perceptions of BL. Questionnaires were used to gather data to examine 282 ESL learners’ attitudes toward BL. These ESL learners were enrolled in ESL courses in different public and private institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. The descriptive analysis of the data revealed that most of the students have positive attitude towards BL and they found it helpful in English language learning. Based on the results descriptively drawn from the responses of the subjects of the current study, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations have been offered. IDEA-PRCS 2022-01-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/647 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.3 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 26-39 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/647/269 Punjab, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Sadaf Siddique, Riaz Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/648 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Exploring the solidarity discourse on Islam and Muslims in the Australian press Ghauri, Muhammad Junaid Haq, Amrat Alam, Riffat solidarity discourse vital centre civil repair civil sphere theory critical discourse critical discourse analysis ideological square lexicalization Media Studies Communication Studies Mass Communication Journalism This paper is an attempt to explore whether and to what extent the Australian newspapers; The Age and The Australian, produced the “solidarity discourse” regarding Islam and Muslims during the time period January 01, 2016 to March 31, 2017. Edward Said’s Orientalism and many other research findings suggest that there is clear evidence of positive in-group (Us/the West/the Occident) and negative out-group (Them/the Islam and Muslims/the East/the Orient) discourse in the representation of Islam and Muslims by global media. However, Jeffery C. Alexander asserts that the media being “communicative institution” of a society plays an important role of “civil repair” by producing a “solidarity discourse”. His civil sphere theory proposes that the media as a “vital centre” highlight and generates common understanding of the solidarity which can resist “non-civil” polarization and radical actions in civil societies. The researcher has employed “Lexicalization” and “Ideological Square” approaches from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) paradigm proposed by van Dijk. The findings of this study show that The Age produced the “solidarity discourse” overwhelmingly by emphasizing on “understanding”, “cohesion”, and “we-ness”. On the contrary, the “solidarity discourse” is entirely absent in the editorials of The Australian. IDEA-PRCS 2022-02-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/648 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.4 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 40-56 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/648/273 Australia Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Junaid Ghauri, Amrat Haq, Riffat Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/649 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Analysing the social exclusion and extent of drug addiction among youth in rural areas of Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Khan, Majid Alam, Intikhab Ullah, Asad child labour determinants of child labour physical health frustration of children child stress mental health children depression child aggression Sociology Social Work Rural Sociology The study was formulated to analyse social exclusion and extent of drugs addiction among youth in rural areas of Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 266 was randomly selected for data collection through interview. Statistical tools were used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables. The results show significant associations between drugs’ addiction led to severe form of social exclusion, social exclusion limited the access of drugs addict to basic facilities, deprived drugs user from employment and extent of drug’s addiction. Similarly, significant associations were depicted between social exclusion prevents the participation of drugs addict in religious/cultural events; restricted the social relationship with family and extent of drug’s addiction. Moreover, significant associations were accorded between socially excluded youth shows a greater level of social stigma, social exclusion leads to formation of risky behaviour, drugs addiction changes the life pattern of youth which evoked to social exclusion and extent of drug’s addiction. Thus, the government should make strategies for youth pertaining to preventions of drugs addiction with implementation at all institutional were put forward as the recommendation in the light of the current study. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/649 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.16 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 230-242 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/649/288 Dir, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Majid Khan, Dr. Intikhab Alam, Dr. Asad Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/650 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Implementation status of proactive disclosure of information: A comparative study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, Pakistan Bibi, Shehnaz Mahmood, Amna Naazer, Manzoor Ahmad right to information accountability constitutional rights public bodies public information transparency Political Science Right to Information regime is considered a strong commitment towards good governance. This commitment supports fairness in laws, rules and regulations. In Pakistan, the best RTI laws are of the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; hence KP RTI Act 2013 and Punjab Transparency and Right to Information Act 2013 have taken as a case for this paper. This paper aims to analyze how far certain Right to Information laws remained successful in terms of proactive disclosure of information and institutional measures. Categorically two dimensions are examined (a) proactive disclosure of information by the public bodies and (b) Institutional Measures under clause 5 and 4 of Right to Information laws in both provinces respectively. Based on desk review and telephonic discussion a comparative assessment has taken randomly selected departments such as Elementary and Secondary Education, Health and Local Government Department. Comparatively, in Punjab public bodies are more actively engage with respect to proactive disclosure of information. As per provisions of RTI laws, complete information is not available on sampled websites of public bodies that deviating international best practices. This paper highlights the necessary measures to be considered by decision-makers and provides way to improve regime of RTI laws in Pakistan. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/650 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.23 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 322-335 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/650/295 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Shehnaz Bibi, Amna Mahmood, Manzoor Ahmad Naazer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/658 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

China’s Belt and Road Initiative: an analysis of its role in global peace, development, and implications Khatoon, Aasia Sakeena BRI China’s grand strategy China’s peaceful ambitions China’s hegemonic designs Chinese global role global interdependence International Relation Political Science China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the grand strategy that interlinks the regions in the common chain of trade and economy. The paper investigates whether China’s rise through this initiative is peaceful or whether the claims and worries of the U.S., India and Japan are true that it is rising as a hegemonic and aggressive country. The descriptive-analytical method is being used in this research work. China is growing, particularly through this global interconnectivity initiative. Its economic and political influence is greatly increasing. It connects the countries in an initiative that boosts their economic and social development and peace. It is an initiative of equal benefits and considerably growing interdependence among the states and non-state actors. It constructs a world that has common interests and common security. The new trend growing between China, U.S., India, and Japan consists of competition and friendly cooperative relations. China’s main priority is bringing peace, development, and a better standard of life to its people first. It does not want to repeat the history when its people were smashed badly during the opium war of 1840 and Japan’s occupation in World War II. It does learn the value of peace from its past. IDEA-PRCS 2022-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/658 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.3 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 40-61 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/658/332 China, India, US, Japan Copyright (c) 2022 Aasia Khatoon, Sakeena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/661 2022-11-23T21:03:55Z jhsms:ART driver

The Colonial Archaeology of Taxila: A historiographical analysis Shaheen, Ifqut Cunningham Marshall South Asia Sirkap archaeology survey diffusionism Archaeological Historiography Archaeology Like other major archaeological sites of South Asia, the history of archaeological research at Taxila has now been one and a half century old. Taxila is situated in the Rawalpindi district of the Punjab, Pakistan. Various scholars since the mid-nineteenth century have worked in the area in order to explore and investigate its ancient history and society. Amongst them, Sir Alexander Cunningham and Sir John Marshall, both of whom served as Director Generals of the Archaeological Survey of India, stand conspicuous. This paper deals with their work and ideas, with a focus on Taxila, about the history and archaeology in the South Asian context along with assessing the colonial thought in their research works. The approach here is historiographical with a focus on socio-cultural and ethnic re/constructions by both these pioneering archaeologists. As we know that writers and researchers cannot be separated from the thought of the age they are living in, the intellectual contexts of the work of Cunningham and Marshall has also been elaborated. IDEA-PRCS 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/661 10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.24 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): July-December 2021; 335-347 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/661/274 Pakistan; South Asia Copyright (c) 2021 Ifqut Shaheen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/662 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Prevalence of the Uses and Gratifications Theory amongst the university student consumers of tobacco products in Pakistan Farooq, Usman Uses and Gratification Theory smoking social media tobacco advertising media outlets university students Media Studies Journalism Communication Studies The Uses and Gratification Theory over the years has been found to be the central theory of Communication which aptly describes what exactly people want to do when given the option to use the media. It has been seen that the development of the social media has bestowed a brand-new lease of life expectancy to this old-fashioned and obsolete theory. The reason why this study is being attempted is to explore the existing functions of the Theory of Uses and Gratification among university students who use tobacco. This research has employed Surveys and focus group discussions to elicit information from 1,000 respondents from the two major provinces of Pakistan: Sindh and Punjab, over two (02) year period beginning in 2016. The present quantitative study, while adopting survey as method of research is an effort to examine the views of 1,000 randomly chosen respondents under the age of 25, preferably from educational institutions, including Sindh and Punjab medical colleges. The study confirms the radical upsurge in the present usage of the social media by the masses which has once again renewed a belief in the once considered antiquated Uses and Gratification Theory functions and have in the process provided a plethora of the media uses that in its original form that the traditional media never could. IDEA-PRCS 2022-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/662 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.7 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 84-99 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/662/277 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Farooq Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/664 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Do Pakistani English writers hedge more in linguistics research than native English writers? Shafqat, Asmara Memon, Rafique Ahmed Khan, Tafseer Ahmed hedging metadiscourse academic writing corpus linguistics native English writers Pakistani English Writers English English Language The purpose of this corpus-based study is to compare the use of hedges and associated linguistic constituents in the linguistic research articles authored by Pakistani English Writers (PEWs) and native English writers (NEWs). NEWs hedge more than their PEWs peers, as per the outcomes of the two corpora (20 linguistics research articles by PEWs and 20 linguistics research articles by NEWs). Nevertheless, the statistics revealed that both corpora employed hedging types that were quite similar. To minimize the legitimacy of their assertions and arguments, both factions relied primarily on lexical and hedging strategies, and both groups avoided utilizing hedges such as adverbs of frequency. Likewise, neither group used epistemic nor possibility hedging much. Nonetheless, the use of linguistic elements of hedging by PEWs and NEWs authors differ considerably. PEWs are more committed to their opinions being more appealing and persuasive, owing to the clear impact of first language and culture. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/664 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.17 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 243-257 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/664/289 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Asmara Shafqat, Rafique Ahmed Memon, Tafseer Ahmed Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/666 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Sexual harassment on public transport: a survey study of Rawalpindi, Pakistan Tabassum, Shahla Suhail, Khedija women passengers sexual harassment harassment in transport victimization of women harassment offenders urban passengers Gender Studies Sociology The study was conducted to examine prevalence of sexual harassment, its nature, and its consequences on women during traveling on public transport. A survey research method was used to collect the information. A sample of 105 women using the purposive sampling technique was selected from three different bus stops in Rawalpindi city of Pakistan. Routine Activity Theory of Cohen and Felson (1979) was applied to analyse data about the victimization of women passengers. The findings revealed that women participated in the study, 41% were students, 34% were working women and 25% were housewives. 75% of women travelled on a daily basis while the rest once a week or occasionally. The women faced different forms of harassment and 46% of them faced it sometimes while 36% faced it most of the time during traveling. The findings revealed types of offenders and among them, 64% were passengers, 24% were bus helpers and 12% were drivers. 89% participants considered it a serious matter and 52% of women took action in some way from verbal retaliation, informing the family members, to physical retaliation. It is recommended to develop a mechanism to implement the existing laws to make travelling safe for women. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/666 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.18 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 258-266 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/666/290 Rawalpindi, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Shahla Tabassum, Khedija Suhail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/667 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

BRICS space diplomacy and response of non-Western countries: the inscription of Neo-Functionalism Sultan, Beenish Mahmood, Amna BRICS outer space space diplomacy international order space militarization second space race Political Science International Relations Outer space perseveres as a domain of contestation. In fact, the era of the early 2000s was also remarked to be embroiled in a ‘second space race’. In this regard, in November 2019, NATO also declared outer space as its operational domain. In contrast, BRICS formally committed in 2021 to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. Russia and China agreed to cooperate on a permanent manned lunar base and are investing heavily in their space programs. This is ringing bells in Western-led established order. Once the International Space Station (ISS) is decommissioned in 2022, China’s space station, if constructed in 2025, will be the only functioning global space station for which Beijing is already seeking cooperation from partners. Interestingly, NASA’s legislation prevents it from collaborating with the Chinese National Space Agency. This article endeavours to understand the scenario with a two-fold focus: will the emerging countries like BRICS follow the footsteps of the West in militarizing outer space? how countries other than China use this opportunity to attain a desirable position in the international order. The study provides an insight into how non-Western countries have secured a place in attaining a considerable position in outer space. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/667 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.25 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 351-365 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/667/298 Europe, USA, China, Russia Copyright (c) 2022 Beenish Sultan, Amna Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/673 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Practices and reforms in the legislation of polygamy in Pakistan Qayum, Sara Ullah, Farhat Ali, Saira Farhad, Arzoo Muslim family law polygamy legislation for polygamy family law polygamy reforms Law Islamic Law Legal Studies In Pakistan, polygamy is a serious problem that requires legislation to address. Pakistani law imposes confinement through the Muslim Family Law Ordinance (MFLO) of 1961, which states that no man can marry for the second time without the first wife's consent, but polygamy is not prohibited in the meanwhile. In Pakistan, these rights are routinely violated. The purpose of this research is to look into Pakistan's polygamy difficulties. According to Islamic law, marriage is a civil contract between two people, a man and a woman. It generates all rights and obligations straight now. Nikah is more than simply a contract; it's a way to formalise a man and woman's relationship and recognise it as authentic. In order to prevent breaches of women's and children's rights, the study has identified deficiencies in relevant legislation and recommended amendments to the MFLO of 1961. The findings show that the practice of polygamy has negatively affected the rights, equity, and legal security of women in Pakistan. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/673 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.21 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 300-311 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/673/293 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Sara Qayum, Farhat Ullah, Saira Ali, Arzoo Farhad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/676 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Assessment of woman political participation in 2018 Elections and its comparison with elections of 2002, 2008 and 2013 Gul, Seema Sherazi, Tatheer Zahra democracy political participation women political participation gender gap general election women election Political Science Pakistan Affairs Electoral Politics Women’s political participation strengthens their political as well as their empowerment in other fields of life. The discourse of women’s political participation is a matter of concern in the academic circles across the world. The main aim of this study is to provide a complete analysis of changing orientation in the women politics of Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. This study focuses on the effect of political reforms on women’s political participation in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study focuses on the effect of political reforms on women’s public and civic engagements which further contribute to their political participation. The main question that guides the study is that how can political participation of women transform the public sphere of KP, and how would then the transformed public sphere (i.e., the greater political participation of women) enhance democratic politics of KP? Feminist theories i.e., Liberal Feminist Theory and Radical Feminist Theories are used as theoretical framework in this study to examine the question of the effect of political reforms on women’s political participation. The study finds positive effects of the political reforms on women, like awareness about these reforms and civic engagements. The study recommends that women political participation could be enhanced by improving their level of education. IDEA-PRCS 2022-02-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/676 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.6 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 71-83 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/676/276 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Seema Gul, Tatheer Zahra Sherazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/680 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Hydro-diplomacy and the prospects of environmental peacebuilding between Pakistan and India Aslam, Bilal Indus Water Treaty South Asia Pak-India peacebuilding hydro diplomacy environmental peacebuilding ecological peace transboundary water sharing Political Science Peace and Conflict Studies International Relations Pakistan and India have a history of animosity on many issues including transboundary water sharing but in 1960 both states agreed on sharing the rivers of the Indus basin by signing the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). IWT ensures sustained cooperation on the issue of transboundary water sharing and sets the parameters for the hydro-diplomacy between Pakistan and India. In recent times, mutual vulnerabilities around the environmental issues and the water scarcity, have again brought in a possibility of extending cooperation on water sharing by revisiting the IWT. Consequently, the hydro-diplomacy has the potential of spill over effect for the settlement of outstanding disputes between Pakistan and India thus paving the way for the regional peace and integration of South Asia. The paper reviews the literature on hydro-diplomacy and incorporates the document analysis to analyse the efficacy of the principles of cooperation laid down in IWT and evaluates the forces that have been behind the treaty and the possibilities for the future of environmental peacebuilding between Pakistan and India. The paper also evaluates the hydro-diplomacy as characterized by the power dynamics, hegemony, and the nature of political and economic relations between Pakistan and India. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/680 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.14 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 204-216 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/680/286 Pakistan, India Copyright (c) 2022 Bilal Aslam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/693 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Women’s socio-economic empowerment, Sustainable Development Goal 05, and Pakistan’s commitment: an assessment Arif, Sardar M. A. W. K. Bushra Bannian SDGs Pakistani Women socio-economic empowerment socio-economic rights gender equality women empowerment gender discrimination Law Legal Studies This study aims to analyse the condition of women's socio-economic empowerment in Pakistan and its position regarding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, which relates to “gender equality and women empowerment”. The paper highlights the socio-economic dilemmas of Pakistani women and discusses the impediments they face in the exercise of their fundamental rights. The article establishes that while Pakistan is making constant efforts to draft pro-women laws, the country continues to face critical challenges regarding its effective implementation. The question is, what are the programs, strategies, schemes, and plans that government, its institutions, civil societies, and Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) can introduce and incorporate to improve women's circumstances and safeguard their interests? This paper identifies the discrimination against women as the root cause behind their socio-economic stagnation, it thus concludes that national development is not possible until gender parity and empowerment of women are implemented in its true letter and spirit as guaranteed in “Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” and other laws of land respectively. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/693 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.27 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 382-396 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/693/305 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Sardar M. A. W. K. Arif, Bushra Bannian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/694 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

The US withdrawal from Afghanistan and its impacts on the Pak-Afghan relationship Faheem, Farrukh Hussain, Sajjad Qamar, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed Afghan government Taliban Ghani administration US withdrawal War on Terror peace process dialogue regional players international actors Political Science International Relations Peace and Conflict Studies How to fix Afghanistan's challenges is one of the most talked-about issues of the 21st century. With its incredible nature and immense scale of being a safe haven for terrorists, the Afghanistan conundrum warrants all the thought it gets. The US hasty attack and abrupt withdrawal from Afghanistan affected the neighbouring states somehow and others. Pakistan is the most affected among these countries because of its chaotic past relationship. In the latest situation since the US retreat from Afghanistan, bordering countries have been trying to pull Afghanistan out of its misery. To achieve this goal, Pakistan had been trying to peacefully give passage to the US to leave and help the Taliban to assume control of Kabul. This is an uphill task because other regional and global powers have agendas to reshape Afghanistan’s future. On the other hand, for Afghanistan, common players, for instance, Pakistan, India, China, and Russia, have consistently been reconsidering their ways of meeting their national points of interest or terminations. This study investigates the Afghan harmony procedure and regional and global players waiting for the US withdrawal procedure and how it would affect Pakistan's future relationship with Afghanistan. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/694 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.37 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 540-553 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/694/319 Pakistan, Afghanistan Copyright (c) 2022 Farrukh Faheem, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed Qmar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/701 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

A qualitative study of the factors driving the temporary migration of workers from the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to Saudi Arabia Rafiq, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Israr, Muhammad Pakhtun migrants Dir Lower migration drivers of migration pull-push factors economic migration religious migration Sociology This study aims to explore the drivers of the temporary migration of workers from the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan to Saudi Arabia. Nearly two million Pakistanis work and live in Saudi Arabia; however, no such research has been conducted to study and configure their migration drivers. This research attempts to fill this gap. Data was qualitatively elicited from 90 workers in different cities of Saudi Arabia. The analysis depicts that a complex combination of the push-pull drivers such as poverty (96.66 %), un/employment (95 %), income/wage differentials (85%), family and peer pressure (80%), strong networks of relatives (76.66 %), desire to change the social status (68.33 %), turbulent environment (65 %), and religious affiliations and connectedness (95 %) provoke migration to Saudi Arabia. This study posits that the recent socioeconomic changes in Saudi Arabia, specifically the Saudization policy, quickly alter the economic migration inflow. Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia will remain the top destination for religious migration. IDEA-PRCS 2022-04-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/701 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.12 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 169-186 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/701/283 Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Israr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/704 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Exploring gender relations in Shamsie’s Home Fire: A symbolic interaction perspective Akbar, Maryam Qasim, Zareena symbolic interaction symbolic interaction theory gender roles gender representation individuality concept of interaction concept of interpretation English Literature English The present study examines Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire (2017) for gender roles and demonstrates how gender roles determine the characters’ individuality in the text. The study has employed symbolic interaction theory to explore gender roles in the selected text. Mead (1964) and Blumer’s (1969) concepts of interaction and interpretation have been adopted to analyse gender roles. The probe into the text finds Home Fire an objective example of gender equality in terms of behaviours, professions, power, and appearance. The novel presents gender roles in natural and unique situations rather than in stereotypical ways. Shamsie has portrayed modern men and women performing distinct roles in society without engendering them. All characters behave according to their circumstances and individual personality patterns. Shamsie has maintained a terrific balance between male and female characters and has not presented women as victims or overburdened with the duties or responsibilities; nevertheless, she has presented genuine people who act differently in varying situations according to their temperaments. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/704 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.19 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 267-282 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/704/291 Copyright (c) 2022 Maryam Akbar, Zareena Qasim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/717 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Poverty and deforestation nexus: An economic analysis of cause and effect relationship in Malakand Division, Pakistan Ullah, Sami Israr, Muhammad Khattak, Sanam Wagma poverty rural poverty rural communities environment degradation deforestation environmental deterioration environmental conservation Economics Ecological Economics Rural poverty is perhaps the main cause of deforestation and vice versa. This two-way relationship appears to exist in a slightly greater form in rural communities worldwide. To analyse the same relationship empirically, a study was conducted in Malakand Division, of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data was collected from one hundred and eighty respondents through a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using a non-recursive two-stage linear regression model and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed a two-way relationship between poverty and deforestation in the area under study. It was established that rural communities have low-income levels and rely heavily on natural resources, particularly the forest sector, for their fundamental survival and subsistence needs. The survey also shows that environmental deterioration in the form of deforestation is severe in the Malakand Division and that the majority of people are unaware of the necessity of environmental conservation. It is recommended that the government through strict regulations and by taking practical steps towards poverty reduction, may stop deforestation in the area under study. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/717 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.28 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 397-414 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/717/306 Malakand Division, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Sami Ullah, Muhammad Israr, Sanam Wagma Khattak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/719 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Repatriation of Afghan Refugees from Pakistan: an analysis of constraints, challenges and prospects Khan, Asghar Rehman, Ashfaq U. Ashfaq, Shughla Afghan refugees Afghan war Refugees’ social impacts Refugees’ economic impacts Internal security Militancy in Pakistan Repatriation of refugees Pakistan Studies International Relations Public Policy Analysis Political Science This study analyses constraints facing the government of Pakistan in the repatriation of Afghan refugees and investigates the underlying factors forcing the government to return Afghan refugees. The presence of Afghan refugees in Pakistan is associated with involvement in militant and other illicit activities. The call to repatriate Afghan Refugees could be a lasting solution. Accordingly, the main concern for the Pakistani government is to manage its border with Afghanistan, identified as the entry point of the militants and insurgents. Consequently, the Pakistani security agencies and armed forces have been subject to serious reforms, aiming at increasing their motivation and decreasing corruption among the officers, which has been termed as a drawback in fighting terrorism. Reforms are needed in the judicial system to prosecute the culprits arrested by the police force. It is recommended that the UNHCR provide financial assistance, especially for police reforms. Furthermore, closer coordination between the refugees and the law enforcement apparatus is encouraged to curb the association of terrorists and refugees. While repatriation has been identified as the best international norm for solving the refugee dilemma, clear guidelines should be enumerated as to at what cost the practice should be carried on. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/719 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.39 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 581-591 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/719/3.1.39 Pakistan, Afghanistan Copyright (c) 2022 Asghar Khan, Ashfaq U. Rehman, Shughla Ashfaq http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/721 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Understanding child labour: the debate of children’s mental and physical health in Pakistan Batool, Syeda Amnah Bilal, Muhammad child labour determinants of child labour physical health frustration of children child stress mental health children depression child aggression Sociology Social Work Governence Public Policy We understand that child labour causes serious mental and physical health issues among children in Pakistan. We borrowed positivist epistemology as a guide for the methodological application of this study to understand what are the determinants of child labour? and how do they affect children’s physical and mental health? Using the laminated sampling technique, data for this study come from 100 children. After the management of data through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences), the quantitative content analysis technique helped us in data analysis. The study concludes that poverty, parents' unemployment, and children's school dropout are the major causes of child labour in Pakistan. Moreover, this study finds that child labour causes stress, frustration, aggression, and depression among the children. This study recommends that parents, government, and non-governmental organizations need to jointly devise long term policies to cope with the issue of child labour in Pakistan. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/721 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.15 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 217-229 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/721/287 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Syeda Amnah Batool, Muhammad Bilal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/727 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Impact of single parenting on the development of young adults: a comparative study of intact and non-intact families in Lahore, Pakistan Malik, Asma Seemi Mahmood, Amjad Abbas, Rizwan parenthood single parenthood resilience young adult difference in adults separation of families family single-parent family order of birth Sociology Social Work Gender Studies The study sought to investigate whether the social development of the young adults (in the form of resilience) is more closely related to single parents or the upbringing of both parents and how the nonappearance of 1 of the 2 parentages can affect these imperative aspects. Young adults from sole mother or father and intact households, both 320 boys and girls, 160 young adults from broken setups, and 160 young adults from happy families were selected through a convenient sampling technique from different educational institutes. This study adopted the quantitative research design and method of the survey to gather information. The structured Resilience Scale (RS) was used to gather data. A noteworthy variance was seen in young adults ‘resilience with single and both parents. There was a significant difference found between age, and resilience and even between education and resilience. There was no important change visible in the order of birth between young adults with both parents, and single parents. The results have a major impact on clinicians and educators working with families who are concerned with nurturing positive, emotionally close-step relationships as well as maintaining sturdy matrimonial ties and beliefs among spouses in marriages. IDEA-PRCS 2022-05-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/727 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.20 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 283-299 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/727/292 Lahore, Pakistan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/731 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

The coexistence of religion and politics in Pakistan: an analysis of historical, social, and political factors Zubair, Muhammad Raza, Aamer Islam, Saiful Islamist influence Islamic state Ideology of Pakistan Political Islam religion and politics religious ideology instrument of religion fundamentalism Political Science Political Islam Pakistan Studies Pakistan Affairs In the context of Pakistan, the connection between religion and politics predates its existence. Islam was the faith on which All India Muslim League based its demand for a separate country for India's Muslims. Since independence in 1947, the country's political and constitutional evolution has been significantly influenced by the religion; as political, economic, social, and constitutional debates centred on Islam. Islam has always been a major theme of official ideology in one form or another in practically all political administrations, whether they were under democratic or military authority. In this paper, we have discussed the elements that contributed to the emergence of Islamist political power in the country, using pertinent instances from historical events and political decisions made by successive governments and regimes to illustrate how politics and religion interact. For this purpose, we used secondary technique of data collection i.e., ‘Document Analysis’ and relied on primary sources such as the Constitutions of Pakistan and secondary sources e.g., books and research articles, etc. The study is an extensive review of the existing literature on the subject. The study’s findings show that the state, over the decades, has used the instrument of religion at different times for different purposes. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/731 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.30 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 435-446 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/731/308 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Zubair, Aamer Raza, Saiful Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/748 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Teachers’ awareness and practices on school ergonomics in Karachi, Pakistan Jabeen, Rukshanda Hussain, Nasreen body posture ergo-design classroom environment heavy backpack postural awareness ergonomics practices school ergonomics teachers’ perceptions Education Students spend most of the quality hours of the entire day in a school environment. Therefore, their safety and security are priorities of school administration and teachers to keep them secure from injuries and other health issues. Students mostly rely on teachers for their daily academic activities within a classroom environment. Therefore, it is essential to find out teachers’ perceptions and awareness about ergonomics risk factors and their practices to reduce these factors for the safety of the children within the classroom environment. A qualitative case study was conducted in a private school of Pakistan, to investigate teachers’ perceptions about school ergonomics and their practices which directly or indirectly influence school ergonomics. Five school teachers of primary class 3 were interviewed through a self-developed semi-structured interview protocol. The result indicated that ergonomics is highly valued in school education for students’ safety and health. Teachers introduce appropriate physical exercise in the classroom to keep children healthy and active during school hours and provide postural awareness for developing proper body posture. Counselling parents on ergonomics risk factors was suggested, along with ergonomically designed furniture in the classroom and the use of light material backpacks are also recommended. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/748 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.26 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 366-381 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/748/299 Karachi, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Rukshanda Jabeen, Prof. Dr. Nasreen Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/756 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Linguistic representation of gender from essentialist to poststructuralist perspective in the Cholistan trilogy: a feminist critical discourse analysis Jan, Akbar Rahman, Mujib feminist discourse analysis deconstruction of gender identity reconstruction of gender identity gender stereotypes gender performativity transitivity analysis English English Literature Literature The identities of gender normative get deconstructed and reconstructed with alternate possibilities of self-constitution. This phenomenon is rendered more complex with its intersection with other factors of identities like race/ethnicity, social class, geography etc. The linguistic representation of these complex variegated aspects of gender from its essentialist to poststructuralist perspectives was analysed in Staples’s Cholistan trilogy which consists of three novels Shabanu (1989), Haveli (1993) and The House of Djinn (2008). An eclectic approach of a theoretical framework consisting of Lazar’s (2005; 2007; 2014) Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), Butler’s (1990) gender performativity and Foucault’s (1980) subjectivity theory was adopted. Halliday’s (1985) approach to transitivity analysis was used for analysing the transitivity processes in the performances of gendered subjects described in the verbal phrases of the clauses in the text. Various kinds of constructions of gender identities were revealed in the study like biological determination of gender, the social construction of gender, the configuration of gender, gender stereotypes, deconstruction of gender normativity and reconstruction of gender identities with possible alternate performances. The study recommends the textual representation of gender in a way that help deconstructs gender normative and reconstruct gender identity with alternate possibilities. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/756 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.33 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 377-386 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/756/310 Copyright (c) 2022 Akbar Jan, Mujib Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/762 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Are we moving towards a managerial model of e-governance? building a case for citizen centric e-participation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Aman, Shagufta Jan, Muhammad Ayub Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government information and communication technology governance e-governance citizen participation managerialism Governance Public Policy Political Science Public Administration Exploring the various information and communication technology measures adopted by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to ensure ‘good and effective governance’ of the province, this paper aims to understand how far such e-governance initiatives endorse citizen’s participation in governance and what limitations are problematizing the quest for citizen engagement through such measures. The paper primarily explores and examines the service provider’s perspective through in-depth interviews with officials from KP Government’s IT focused departments. Applying the theoretical framework developed by Chadwick and May (2003), the paper argues that the KP government’s more than 140 plus IT based applications are mostly electronic versions of paper-based information posted on the websites, which makes it an information dissemination system rather than a fully interactive technology. There is little comprehension about ‘citizen engagement’ through e-government initiatives among bureaucrats and e-governance is largely seen as a one-sided provision of official information; citizen access to government services; or their access to the online complaint mechanisms. Officials also recognize that shortfall of essential infrastructure; public awareness deficits; accessibility issues; a lack of public trust in online service delivery mechanisms, and doubts over timely official response; all confound meaningful citizen participation in governance through the ICTs. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/762 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.35 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 501-524 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/762/314 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Shagufta Aman, Muhammad Ayub Jan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/771 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

The stereotypical racial discursive representation of blacks: a critical discourse analysis of The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas Amjid, Osama Ali, Farman Muhammad, Nazir suppression of blacks racial exploitation of blacks stereotyping discursive tools representation of blacks white autocracy racial discrimination English English Literature This research attempts to analyse discursive and ideological strategies used by the narrator to highlight the representation of black in the novel The Hate U Give. The narrator describes, how have blacks been suppressed and prey of white autocracy. The subsequent stereotyped racial discrimination resulted in a great imbalance in the social order because only blacks were the recipient of most of the consequences and disparities. It caused chaos in shape of protests and brutal killing of blacks at the hands of white cops. The whites constructed ideology propagate blacks as savages and radicals. The data has been scrutinized for white’s ideological unconscious fabricated attitudes towards blacks through Norman Faircloug’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The researcher has adopted Critical Race Theory of Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic (2001) and also Martinez (2014) as a theoretical and analytical framework which strengthen the analysis of negative representation of blacks in different discourses. The research has pointed discursive represented tools and whites’ idea about the differences among black and white race. It gives us how law, media reporters, police and other institutes work against black race and how they are exploited and discriminated in every walk of life just because of their black colour. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/771 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.29 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 415-434 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/771/307 Copyright (c) 2022 Nair Muhammad, Farman Ali, Osama Amjid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/774 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Discourse analysis of the US War on Terror policy in Afghanistan Mehmood, Shahid Sulaiman, Sadia Jabbar, Abdul Afghanistan Al-Qaeda strategic depth geostrategic overstretch legitimacy paradigm shift war failure ontology Political Science International Relations Defence and Strategic Studies This paper discusses discourse analysis on the “war on terror” after 9/11. It argues that the USA framed a specific discourse based on securing and legitimizing its political and strategic objectives in the war on terror in Afghanistan. This study uses the qualitative method of discourse analysis to analyse official texts and key statements by the U.S. Government on the war on terror after 9/11. It explains that the U.S. discourse on the war on terror resulted from the geo-strategic overstretch policy. The withdrawal of the U.S. from Afghanistan was a failure of discourse; however, it questioned the rationale of the protracted war on terror. Political and strategic discourses help to frame a policy in an ideational perspective while the reversal of discourses indicates a paradigm shift based on sheer rationality. The study has far-reaching implications for future research particularly in the case of hegemonic discourse which tends to fail or reverse the U.S. discourse about countering terrorism in Afghanistan. It reveals the fact that discourses are constructed much for public consumption and the U.S. strategy of withdrawal from Afghanistan is primarily based on domestic economic and political considerations. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/774 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.34 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 487-500 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/774/313 Afghanistan, USA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/780 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Socio-economic impacts of internal displacement on the internally displaced persons of North Waziristan: 2014-2017 Irshad Ullah Khan, Alamgir Asif Ullah FATA Zarb-e-Azb Taliban IDPs North Waziristan, Terrorism Militancy NATO Operation Zarb-e-Azb Lakki Marwat Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan TTP Al-Qaeda military operations Political Science Peace and Conflict Studies After 9/11 incident, when the NATO forces attacked Afghanistan, most of militants migrated to FATA, Pakistan for the sake of refuge, which resulted in the growth of militancy and extremism in Pakistan. To counter terrorism and to stop the advancement of this evil, Pakistani government launched operation Zarb-e-Azb as a last vengeance in North Waziristan Agency with the aim to evacuate common people and then to extinguish militants. Consequently, about 1 million IDP’s displaced to the adjacent areas i.e., Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Karak etc. in the mid of June, 2014. Usually, displacement brought a number of socio-economic problems in the fate of IDP’s. That is why this research article focuses on the socio-economic problems of the North Waziristan Agency IDP’s hosted in Lakki Marwat from 2014-2017. This research is descriptive-exploratory nature based on mixed study approach; data used in the research collected from both primary & secondary sources. IDPs argues that they left their homes with empty hands and migrated to adjacent arears in the miserable situation. Government and Non-governmental organizations tried their level best to facilitate IDPs with honour and dignity. But the IDPs showed dissatisfaction because of unmatchable ratio between problems and facilitation. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/780 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.38 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 554-580 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/780/322 FATA, North Waziristan, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Irshad Ullah, Alamgir Khan, Asif Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/791 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

An analysis of Pak-Russia relations in the evolving new regional order: 2013-2022 Tariq, Abdullah Mustafa, Ghulam CPEC NATO SCO Jihad geo-strategic relations regional order regional security socio-economic strategies decisive foreign policy International Relations Political Science As regional political order has been shifting, Pakistan is faced with the withdrawal of NATO forces from Afghanistan and its aftereffects, Indian inference in the region political paradigm, the building of new trilateral cooperative blocs in the regional context, and the threat of fifth-generation and hybrid warfare. Therefore, the study is designed to interpret and evaluate Pakistan-Russian foreign policy achievements and their futuristic consequences. The occurrence of multiple political events like hybrid warfare from a geo-strategic perspective has signalled major geopolitical and socio-economic competition in the global market; for which Pakistan and Russia are gearing up. Given existing geopolitical compulsions like Moscow’s quest for playing a decisive role in Afghanistan’s security calculus, Pakistan’s pursuit of coming out of the US straitjacket and finding alternative regional partners offer the reasons, challenges, and outlook for reshaping ties. Pakistan and Russia require a balanced strategic plan to counter the regional threats after the departure of NATO forces from Afghan soil. This article also discusses the core socio-economic strategies between Pakistan and Russia for diluting their gaps. The main point which can play a vital role in creating a close bilateral nexus between both states is the decisive foreign policy initiative from both ends. IDEA-PRCS 2022-10-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/791 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 1-19 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/791/331 Pakistan, Russia Copyright (c) 2022 Abdullah Tariq, Ghulam Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/792 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Health communication and good governance: an analysis of healthcare hospitals in Swabi and Buner, Pakistan Mashhood, Muhammad Ullah, Kaleem Loudahi, Lamia This study uses the good governance approach with five basic pillars: open government and transparency; public services delivery; citizen participation; accountability; and innovation and technology with 12 principles of good governance as a method and approach. The relevant literature and political parties’ commitment during the election campaign in 2018 was presented as evidence of the significance of the study. Primary data of 75 hospitals of two districts quantitatively 44 hospitals of district Swabi and 31 hospitals of district Buner visited and asked quantitative and qualitative question-near about infrastructure and healthcare facilities, equipment, and staff behaviour with researcher observations. The data analyzed with chi-Square SPSS Primary Health (PH) and Secondary Health (SH) into satisfactory and un-satisfactory PH found ignored and suggested, SH found facilitated as satisfactory. The result shows that primary data need waiting areas, drinking water, supply of up-to-date routine equipment, availability of medicine, presentation of doctors, availability of ambulance, and infection prevention control (IPC) mechanisms to reduce the burden of patients over secondary and tertiary hospitals. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/792 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.10 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 138-152 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/792/356 Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Mashhood, Kaleem Ullah, Lamia Loudahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/793 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Playing upon knowledge through language games: Lyotard’s ‘The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge’ Ammar, Ali Yousaf, Mooneer Ahmad, Kashif Bibi, Syed Attia postmodernism narratives grand narratives paralogies power discourse metanarratives knowledge control regimes of truth English English Literature Lyotard's seminal work The Postmodern Condition has been considered one of the most influential works of postmodernism. It has inspired thinkers and scholars in its criticism and report of the knowledge and its suggestiveness of paralogies. Many scholars even today draw on his definition of postmodernism as the incredulity of metanarratives. The text has been selected to be closely read and understood from the Foucauldian viewpoint of the creation of regimes of truth which we have argued that the text is involved in the same practice of creating its hegemonic place by making certain assumptions and assertions over nature, status, and forms of knowledge. We have also contended that Lyotard's interests are involved in writing this text, particularly in the propagation of the concept of paralogies and rejection of grand narratives. The text has also been viewed from Van Dijk's perspective that certain scholars who are given value by the elite to be part of the scholarly elite control academic discourses which are specifically disseminated and propagated to influence humanity. This is how the postmodern condition has been generated, produced, disseminated, legitimized and propagated worldwide. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/793 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.4 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 62-75 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/793/334 Copyright (c) 2022 Ali Ammar, Mooneer Yousaf, Kashif Ahmad, Syed Attia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/804 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Impact of job stress on employee performance and turnover intentions: evidence from banking sector in Pakistan Nabi, Ghulam Shah, Nazir Haider Bukhari, Syed Ali Raza Management Science The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of stress on employees and their impact on turnover intentions. In the modern world, many industries and companies face various levels of challenges and obstacles in the workplace with their employees. The main problem facing the employer is the turnover of employees in the office, and the high-stress level can have a significant impact on the company's future growth. The study was descriptive in nature, and the survey method was applied to collect the data. A questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used for the collection of data from the respondents. Data were collected personally from the respondents and analysed through SPSS using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The findings of the study suggest that the increase in employee stress levels leads to a decrease in employee performance levels and that stress significantly affects employee performance. Some limitations or problems encountered while doing this research are limited sample size and capacity access. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/804 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.8 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 116-128 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/804/346 Copyright (c) 2022 Ghulam Nabi, Nazir Haider Shah, Syed Ali Bukhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/814 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Socio-economic impacts of North Waziristan Agency’s internally displaced persons on Lakki Marwat: 2014-2017 Khan, Irshad Ullah Khan, Alamgir Ullah, Asif FATA NATO TTP Tehreek-i-Taliban Operation Zarb-e-Azb Taliban Al-Qaeda military operations terrorism militancy Political Sciences International Relations Pakistan Affairs The implications of the 9/11 incident affected the whole region, but unfortunately, Pakistan was at the most. Due to the NATO forces attacks, most militants migrated to Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) for the sake of refuge, which caused the growth of militancy and extremism in Pakistan. To cope with terrorism and stop the advancement of this evil, the government decided to launch operation Zarb-e-Azb as a last vengeance in North Waziristan Agency to evacuate citizens and then extinguish militants. Resultantly, around about 1 million IDP’s displaced to the adjacent areas, i.e., Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Karak etc., in the mid of June 2014. This research article focuses on IDPs hosted in Lakki Marwat and their socio-economic impact on the host community. The research is descriptive-exploratory based on a mixed study approach; data used in this research were collected from both primary & secondary sources. The people of the host community argue that IDPs create a number of socio-economic problems like a rise in prices, compromised quality of goods, shortage of houses, occupation of schools, increase in crime rate, security problems etc. IDEA-PRCS 2022-10-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/814 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.2 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 20-39 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/814/329 FATA, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Irshad Ullah, Alamgir Khan, Asif Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/828 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Revisiting the IWT for technical gaps and climate change vulnerability: a policy perspective from Pakistan Hafeez, Saira Kausar, Syed Waqas Ali Political Science International Relations The history of India-Pakistan relations has been brimming with squabbles and conflicts since their separation in 1947. Except for the significant and lasting Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960 for sharing river waters, little-to-none economic cooperation has taken place between the two riparian states. This paper analyses some noticeable gaps that have rendered this treaty obsolete such as the escalating influence of climatic changes on water resources of the region and some other shortcomings, namely the possible limits of shared water usage, unrestricted use of shared waters for power generation, rerouting of water, and the lack of synergistic projects. Moreover, due to the exponential increase in water and energy demand along with the aggravating depletion of water tables in Pakistan, the treaty is failing to secure the combined water resources of the Indus river basin. This study presents the policy perspective to guide future endeavours, ensuring the treaty’s survival as it needs the necessary adjustments to enhance the socio-economic cooperation between India and Pakistan, put in place the collective efforts for mitigation of risks posed by climate-induced disasters, and improve the management of water resources for collaborative development. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/828 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.6 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 88-103 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/828/343 Pakistan, India Copyright (c) 2022 Saira Hafeez, Syed Waqas A. Kausar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/832 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Learner’s strategies for heuristic ability in mathematics at the secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bibi, Ramim Rauf, Muhammad Ahmad, Naseer learner’s strategies cognitive strategies heuristic ability non-routine problems mathematical problem problem-solving problem-solving skills Education This study explores the learners’ strategies for heuristic ability in mathematics at the secondary level. The study is qualitative, and the method adopted for obtaining information about the learner’s strategies is a case study. The site selected is Govt. Girls Higher Secondary School Rustam, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Participants of the study were six in number, selected from science group students of the 9th class based on their interests. A test of non-routine problems was used for the collection of data. Six non-routine problems were given to the students to check their heuristic ability. Non-routine problems were analysed through cognitive strategies. No scoring of students was considered in this study. The researchers categorized the learner’s responses so that students who solved questions by applying complete strategy were marked with the word excellent, the half strategy was marked very good, and unsatisfactory solutions were marked satisfactory. The study investigated learners’ strategies such as making tables, using formulas, guessing, making diagrams, doing trial and error, logical reasoning, non-logical reasoning and looking for patterns. Results show that students who are interested, motivated and have a positive attitude toward learning practice various methods for solving non-routine problems. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/832 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.5 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 76-87 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/832/335 Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2020 Ramim Bibi, Muhammad Rauf, Naseer Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/840 2025-01-18T17:57:08Z jhsms:ART driver

Judicial activism in Pakistan: An assessment of the elected governments from 1993 to 1999 Rehman, Ashfaq U. Khan, Taj Muharram Democracy Judiciary Supreme Court President Prime Minister Military Judicial Review Constitution Head of state Head of government Political Science Comparative Politics Pakistan Studies There is a correlation between the institution of the judiciary, political executive, legislatures, a democratic system, the constitution's superiority and the state's citizens. In a democracy, the government needs to develop a harmonious and friendly relationship with the opposition and the non-political institutions so that the military does not have a chance to interfere. Different schools of thought differ over the role of the superior judiciary in maintaining checks and balances on the elected government. One school believes that non-elected judges shall not exercise the power of judicial review. However, others believe that if the elected government does not perform their duties in the required manner, the judiciary must look closely at its work. This study focuses on how apparent judicial activism, the struggle for supremacy of parliament, and apparent efforts to establish a check and balance system were misused by all the stakeholders to enhance control over political affairs rather than strengthen state institutions. It also analyses how the military in Pakistan maintained a check on the elected governments during the second term of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. The findings revealed that the military controlled the government through the powerful president or with the help of the judiciary. IDEA-PRCS 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.1.40 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.40 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): January-June 2022; 592-604 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.1.40/3.1.40 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Ashfaq U. Rehman, Taj Muharram Khan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/883 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Reforms in the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan: a critical analysis Khan, Bakhtiar Khan, Arif Ali, Sajjad Pakistan Studies/Political Science The ex-FATA reform processes have been comprehensive since the establishment of Pakistan in 1947 and have short, medium, and long-term dimensions. It was not an easy task that could be completed with certain simple legislative and administrative actions. The government of PML-N (2013-2018) formed an eleven-member task force to accelerate the implementation process, with a focus on suggested law reforms, FATA's development, and FATA's mainstreaming. In 2017 a high-powered National Implementation Committee was established to monitor this process and to review the implementation of the said reform based on monthly Task Force reports. Apart from envisaging reforms in several domains, the suggested reform packages also aim to improve the tribal areas' socio-economic prospects. It may be stated that the reforms also aim to improve the tribal people's socio-economic situation. This study critically analyses the merger and examines the reforms' consequences for FATA. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/883 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.7 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 104-115 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/883/352 Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Bakhtiar Khan, Dr. Arif Khan, Dr. Sajjad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/885 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

A historical overview of reforms in the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan Khan, Bakhtiar Ali, Sajad Khan, Arif FCR Frontier Crimes Regulations FATA reforms constitutional reforms merger of FATA erstwhile FATA tribal areas of Pakistan merged districts Political Science Governance Pakistan Studies Peace and Conflict Studies The erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), recently merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), are one of the less developed areas of Pakistan. The erstwhile FATA included seven agencies and six frontier regions. Under the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), popularly known as a black law, the legal and administrative structure of these tribal areas was formulated by the British colonial power. These regulations were the cornerstone of FATA's administration after 1947. These areas remained semi-governed under the executive and did not fall under the sphere of influence of the national and provincial legislatures. Due to the region's internal and external dynamics, Pakistan's governments failed to introduce reforms or merge the FATA with their adjoining districts or the province. The regulations empowered the political administration to adjudicate civil and criminal cases through Jirgas and take measures for peace and security. The head of the state constitutionally governed these areas through the governor of KP. The study focuses on the historical evolution of the reforms in erstwhile FATA. The findings show that after the May 2018 merger of erstwhile FATA, it is essential to change the system to integrate these merged districts into the country's mainstream politics and governance structure. IDEA-PRCS 2023-03-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/885 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.2 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 15-27 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/885/397 FATA, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2023 Bakhtiar Khan, Sajad Ali, Arif Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/891 2026-03-13T17:51:22Z jhsms:ART driver

The role of integrating technology in teaching numeric skills to children with visual impairment in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan Parveen, Zahida Naqvi, Burhan Ahmad Abbas, Adeel Zahid, Muhammad visually impaired visually impaired children basic numeric skills assistive technology integration technology visually impaired students Education Education for Blind Special Education Educational Technology Visually impaired children face mathematical difficulties at the class level and encounter hurdles in learning basic numerical skills. This situation calls for action research to identify the effects of integrating technology on the basic numeric skills of visually impaired children. This study has been conducted using an integrated approach to teach basic numerical skills to children with visual impairments through practical action research. The study population comprised visually impaired students at the Government Institute for the Blind, Gujranwala, District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. We studied the impact of technology integration on the teaching of basic numerical skills to children with visual impairment (CVI). The study was conducted using action research in the institution where the researchers taught visually impaired students in the classroom. Seven visually impaired students were the participants in this research. Researchers implemented a 10-day intervention designed to teach them various assistive technologies. Two instruments, a pre-test and a post-test, were used to collect the data. The findings show a quantitative difference among the students in learning basic numeric skills. The students faced many issues in solving basic numerical skills. The results also indicate that mathematics subject-matter instructors lack the skills to use integration technologies in the classroom. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/891 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.15 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 225-236 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/891/418 Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2023 Zahida Parveen, Burhan Ahmad Naqvi, Adeel Abbas, Muhammad Zahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/892 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

The dollar value for a loss of life: the politics of monetization of the terror disaster in Sara Colangelo’s Worth (2020) Jehangir, Zenab 9/11 trauma and memory social trauma economic trauma psychological trauma non-transferability democratic mourning hegemonic politics loss of lives Arts and Humanities Film Studies English English Literature The article argues that Sara Colangelo’s Worth (2020) problematizes the monetization of the terror disaster. It explores the hegemonic politics involved in terming some lives more (un)grievable in monetary terms. The film highlights that the loss of lives and bodily injuries in a terror disaster cannot be converted into tangible monetary value. Instead, it emphasizes that all lives are equally grievable irrespective of their economic loss value. There needs to be democratic mourning that grieves the loss of all lives equally. The article draws on the works of trauma and memory studies theorists to analyze the primary data. The paper explores the social and economic aspects of trauma and the psychological perspective. It argues that mourning requires a democratic approach, particularly one that acknowledges and laments the loss of every life with equal weight. Worth exposes the inequitable treatment of victims and questions the underlying power dynamics in society by questioning the monetization of terrorist events. In the end, this paper promotes a more open-minded and sympathetic attitude to collective and individual trauma and raises an understanding of the intricate and multifaceted nature of mourning. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/892 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.10 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 150-163 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/892/394 Copyright (c) 2023 Zenab Jehangir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/896 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

The politics of dismissal of the government in Pakistan and the role of the judiciary (1988-1997) Rehman, Ashfaq U. Khan, Taj Muharram Democracy Opposition Military Prime minister Supreme court Constitution Parliamentary system Presidential system Higher judiciary Judicial review Political Science Comparative Politics Pakistan Studies The judiciary’s role is significant in the political and constitutional development of a federal system, as the sustenance of democracy in such countries depends mainly on the independence of the judiciary. This study investigates the judiciary's role in complementing the dictatorial moves of the presidents and non-elected factions against the governments. The 8th Constitutional Amendment shifted the power balance to the President, thus establishing a quasi-parliamentary system. Due to the lack of power balance, the president and the prime minister did not work together to safeguard the national interest. The opposition factions always asked the President to dismiss the government. Instead of serving as a check on the government and providing stability to the democracy, the President used this power to dismantle the setup. In such cases, the judiciary has been asked to exercise the power of judicial review. The judgements of the judiciary in such cases had far-reaching effects on the stability of the political system. While passing the judgement, the judiciary looked at a powerful president rather than the principle of merit and justice. The judiciary upheld majority dismissals, mainly due to the nexus between the military and the President, which shows its weakness vis-à-vis other state institutions. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.2.11 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.11 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 153-168 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.2.11/3.2.11 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Ashfaq U. Rehman, Taj Muharram Khan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/897 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

Impact of Khilafat Movement on the politics of British India (1920-1940): a descriptive and exploratory analysis Anwar, Salman Khan, Waris Ullah, Saeed World War I Ottoman Empire Hijrat Movement Shuddhi Movement Sanghathan Movement Tablighi Movement Hindu-Muslim riots non-violence movement Pakistan Studies Political Science South Asian Studies History Khilafat Movement was started in British India immediately after the end of the First World War (1914-18). Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali, the graduates of Sir Syed Muslim Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College, were its founding leaders. It got mass recognition when the Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, joined the Movement. It also provided a solid platform for propagating his famous political philosophy of non-violence. Unfortunately, when the Movement was at its peak, Gandhi separated himself from it based on his non-violence approach. This study is focused on the impacts of the Khilafat Movement on Indian politics during the period 1920-40. The descriptive and exploratory method was adopted to analyze the results of the Movement. Religious movements like Shuddhi, Sanghatan and Tablighi Movement, and the religious political party, Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind, were founded during and after the Movement. The Jamia Millia Islamia was founded against the Muslim University Ali Garh. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), initially a Hindu reformist movement, which later became a violent extremist group, was founded in 1925. Hindu-Muslim riots started after this Movement at regular intervals, which never ended till the partition of India in 1947. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/897 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.8 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 118-130 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/897/391 British India, India, Pakistan, Sub-continent Copyright (c) 2023 Salman Anwar, Waris Khan, Saeed Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/905 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

A transcultural approach: mapping cosmopolitanism in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth (2000) Iqbal, Maham Siddique, Maryam Ahmed, Arslan cultural empathy intercultural relations assimilation transculturalism postcolonial conflicts hybrid identity inter-narrative communal society multiculturalism English Literature English This paper aims to probe into the transcultural aspect of White Teeth by Zadie Smith. Under transculturalism, cosmopolitanism is pivotal in transcending ethnographic and cultural borders. Zadie Smith’s avant-garde effort to acknowledge people around the globe about the perks of a communal society is phenomenal. Her novel addresses thematic concerns of immigration, postcolonial conflicts, globalization, multiculturalism, and identity. Previously, her novel was read and discussed as a postcolonial text. However, this research paves the way to re-read it through a liberal lens and delineates the cosmopolitan approach proposed by Kwame Anthony Appiah. The novel invites readers to consider the complexities of living in a world where cultures intersect, clash, and coexist. This article explains the relationship between the main characters in addition to the bildungsroman of the second generation. The generational differences within families highlight the evolving nature of cosmopolitanism as the characters attempt to reconcile their heritage with their present circumstances. Zadie Smith’s technique of inter-narrativity rekindles hope in global citizens to build a transcultural society together. The article directs the audience to see beyond the postcolonial intrusions and accept intercultural changes as challenges needed to move and grow in this era of globalization. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/905 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.11 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 164-175 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/905/395 Copyright (c) 2023 Maham Iqbal, Maryam Siddique, Arslan Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/908 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

Artistic portrayal of the rats of Shah-Daula in Pakistan: a visual analysis through portrait painting Rahat, Rohail Nadeem, Laiba Afzal, Tehmina Art and Design This research aims to explore microcephaly disorder which is an abnormality that is treated as a taboo in Gujrat, a city in Punjab province in Pakistan. The making of Shah Daula rats is a Taboo in which new-born babies are abused with an iron cap placed on their heads to stop their natural development. Their physical growth is manipulated, and they are unable to spend life like a normal person. All of this is done for the purpose of begging, and this ritual abuse in Pakistan has humiliated humanity for ages and is still practiced under the name of religion. This research is descriptive and qualitative in its nature. The study investigates the survival strategies as well as the living conditions of Shah Daula. The findings of the study show that microcephalic children suffer from alienation, child abuse, lack of fundamental rights, self-respect, and various disappointments. The study concludes that Shah Daula, in Pakistani society, is compelled to live as an abnormal human being. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/908 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.9 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 129-137 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/908/345 Copyright (c) 2022 Rohail Rahat, Laiba Nadeem, Tehmina Afzal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/921 2025-01-18T17:57:26Z jhsms:ART driver

The centre-periphery relations and governance issues: the role of decentralisation in post-conflict North-Western Pakistan Khan, Asghar Rehman, Ashfaq U. Ashfaq, Shughla Governance Local governance Central government Peripheries Local government Legitimacy Decentralisation Devolution Conflict management Political Science Peace and Conflict Studies Pakistan Studies This study explores the centre-periphery relations and the role of local governance (decentralisation) in filling the governance gap in post-conflict North-Western Pakistan. The study investigates whether the local government can contribute to establishing a state's writ and perform governance functions better. There is a strong correlation between conflict situations, decentralisation and governance. A state can have adequate governance and a strong state-society relation if local governance arrangements are ensured with a conducive environment for socio-economic development, guarantee national security and solve the common problems of all citizens irrespective of any discrimination based on ethnicity, religion or region. The study analysed that the central government has a low political and institutional infrastructure presence that promotes hurdles to strong state-society relations necessary for stable and equitable social relations and social contracts. In the more centralised administrative system, the provision of public goods by the state created pressures on the state compared to the decentralised system. The study shows that decentralisation provides opportunities for better governance, equity, and improved efficiency by handling diversity. Moreover, decentralisation moves the authority and responsibility from the centre to the local level, thus expanding the roles and functions of central government agencies to other state affairs. IDEA-PRCS 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.2.12 10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.2.12 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): July-December 2022; 169-181 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/3.2.12/3.2.12 Pakistan Copyright (c) 2022 Asghar Khan, Ashfaq U. Rehman, Shughla Ashfaq http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/924 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

Exploring the E-learning experiences of students during Covid-19: a case study of the Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Pakistan Gul, Sabahat Bano, Shakila Ullah, Farhat Corona Virus Corona pandemic online learning online learning program online education remote learning university students internet-based learning Psychology Behavioural Sciences In Pakistan, E-Learning was never a part of the regular mode of education delivery in any institution. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all educational institutes, including colleges and universities, now offer online learning programs. E-Learning is internet or web-based learning now widely used in Pakistan due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the experiences of university students during COVID-19, and the case study is of Khushal Khan Khattak University in district Karak of Pakistan. A descriptive qualitative design was used by using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using semi-structured, face-to-face in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to devise different themes based on the interviews taken. The study results revealed six major themes: Difficult in accessing E-Learning, Reservations about the shift to E-Learning, Learning Issues, Personal views and issues, Completion and comprehension of coursework, and challenges related to E-Learning. The study concluded that the abrupt remote online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted students at all stages of education. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/924 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.9 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 131-149 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/924/393 Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2023 Sabahat Gul Khattak, Shakila Bano, Farhat Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/929 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

Role of women in decision making: a case study of Pakhtuns of Tehkal, Peshawar, Pakistan Arbab, Sadaf Taieb, Mohammad decision making women’s decision making patriarchy women empowerment Pakhtun households family planning household expenditure power dynamics Sociology Social Anthropology Gender Studies This paper discusses women's decision-making role in the affluent patriarchal households of Pakhtuns. The patriarchy is popularly believed to be an impediment for women to participate in decision-making at the household level. The study analyses the participation of women in decision-making related to children's spouse selection, education and health, and family planning. The study also focused on women's role in decision-making related to household expenditure and the purchase of household items and immovable property. The study was qualitative, and participant observation and in-depth interviews were used as data collection tools. The study found that women's age, education, marital status, marriage duration, and family structure determine women's decision-making. The study reveals that despite the patriarchal system of households in affluent Pakhtun households, women participated in the decisions making. They participated in decision-making related to children's health, education, and selection of the spouse for their children. Women had a say in family planning. They also participated in the decisions related to household expenditure and purchasing household items. Participation of women in decisions related to the purchase of immovable items was limited. IDEA-PRCS 2023-03-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/929 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.1 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 1-14 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/929/370 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2023 Sadaf Arbab, Mohammad Taieb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/932 2024-07-01T12:34:20Z jhsms:ART driver

Psychological problems among husbands of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Punjab, Pakistan Sadiq, Riffat Hussain, Maham Maryam, Khadija Akbar, Ayesha breast cancer psychological distress stress anger somatic symptoms husbands women disease healthy women women with breast cancer breast cancer patients Clinical Psychology Applied Psychology Psychology The study examined the psychological health status of husbands whose wives were diagnosed with breast cancer. It was hypothesised that husbands of women with breast cancer would significantly suffer from more psychological distress, stress, anger, and somatic symptoms than husbands of healthy women. Using the purpose sampling method, a total of hundred participants (n = 100), including fifty husbands of women with breast cancer, while fifty husbands of women without breast cancer (healthy women) were selected from Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The ages of husbands ranged from 31 to 50 years with mean age (M = 41.57; SD =5.91). Data was gathered through the Personal Information Form and other measures like the Psychological Distress Scale, Subscales of Stress, Anger and Somatic Symptoms Scale. Statistical analysis through independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference among husbands of women with and without breast cancer in relation to psychological distress, stress, anger, and somatic symptoms. Husbands of breast cancer patients are more prone to develop psychological problems as they encounter extremely tough challenges in life. From acceptance to breast cancer treatment, they face new hurdles with constant psychological pressure in psychological issues like psychological distress, stress, and somatic symptoms. IDEA-PRCS 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed research article Text application/pdf https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/932 10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.12 Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS-Asia); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023; 176-184 2788-4791 eng https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/jhsms/article/view/932/405 Punjab, Pakistan Copyright (c) 2023 Riffat Sadiq, Maham Hussain, Khadija Maryam, Ayesha Rana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 5eb46abea0ba9b4196e0630ac43c34dd