Portrayal of civil and military leadership of Pakistan: Content analysis of Newspapers of UK and USA during PPP regimes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.13Keywords:
civilian leadership, military leadership, Pakistan, UK, USA, PPP, Benazir Bhutto, Asif Ali Zardari, media, representation, framing content, public opinionAbstract
Civil and military leadership of Pakistan have always played tremendous role in formulating and executing different policies regarding every issue of state. The significance of mainstream print media cannot be neglected as it forms public option regarding civil and military institutions in all countries. Therefore, the research has been designed to analyse portrayal of Pakistani civil and military leadership by four newspapers of the UK and the USA (Telegraph, Guardian, New York Times & Washington Post) during tenures of PPP (1995-1996 & 2008-2013). Quantitative content analysis has been adapted as research methodology to analyse features/articles, editorials and news stories in 9 major categories and 13 sub-categories with total 4053 published items in domain of civil & military leadership of Pakistan regarding different issues of the tenures of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Findings have divulged that British and American newspapers covered news stories against of military leadership of Pakistan especially in category of terrorism while greater pro-civilian coverage has been found in comparison of pro- military coverage in tenures PPP. Mr. Asif Ali Zardari has been covered with more negative representation before in power as compared to his regime as President of Pakistan. On the basis of cumulative representation in all categories, overall impression of Pakistan has been reflected negative and unfavourable in British and American print media.
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