Relationship of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with diabetes mellitus among the human population of district Swabi, Pakistan

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a biochemical condition with various genetic and environmental aspects described by persistently high glucose levels with aggravation of fat, sugar, and protein metabolic activity due to flaws in insulin release, insulin activity, or both. All humans and several other species have four major blood types, i.e. A, B, AB, and O. The study seeks to ascertain the existence of a link between ABO blood types, Rh factor and diabetes mellitus in district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A six-month survey was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022. Individuals’ sociodemographic data was collected at random using self-administered questionnaires. Clinical data was collected in the laboratory. The information was then entered and analysed using the 2020 edition of SPSS. The Chi-Square test was implemented to calculate the results. Blood type B and Rh positive are more common, with a p-value for their link with diabetes less than 0.05 in the control group. The higher frequency and lower p-values indicate that diabetes mellitus and blood group B and Rh positive are positively correlated. It is suggested that this topic be expanded in other districts to comprehend the relationship of Rh and ABO blood types with diabetes mellitus.